Incidencia fiscal en México: ¿es posible aumentar la recaudación sin afectar a la población? - Núm. 5-1, Junio 2013 - Revista Finanzas y Política Económica - Libros y Revistas - VLEX 496781110

Incidencia fiscal en México: ¿es posible aumentar la recaudación sin afectar a la población?

AutorArturo Robles Valencia - Luis Huesca Reynoso
CargoEconomista, magíster en Desarrollo regional por el Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México - Economista, doctor en economía y profesor visitante en la Université Laval, Département d'Économique, Québec, Canada, e investigador titular del Área de Desarrollo Regional, Centro de Investigación en ...
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