Internacionalización y desempeño de las empresas en Chindia: un análisis meta-analítico
| Autor | Linda Schulze/Aurélien Douesnel/Olivia Grégoire |
| Cargo | Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany/Université de Strasbourg, France/Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium |
| Páginas | 5-22 |
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Internationalization and firm performance in Chindia
countries: a meta-analytic review
Internacio nalización y de sempeño de las e mpresas en Chin dia: un análisis meta-analítico
LINDA
SCHULZE
AURÉLIEN
DOUESNEL
OLIVIA
GRÉGOIRE
JEL: M, F
R e c e i v e d : 0 3 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 5
M o d i f i e d : 0 2 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 6
A c c e p t e d : 1 6 / 0 6 / 2 0 1 6
DOI: 10.17230 /ad-minis ter.29.1
www.ea fit.e du.co/ad- minis ter
Creative Commons (CC BY)
ABSTRACT
For more than four decades, researchers have examined theoretically and empirically the relationship between
internationalization and firm performance. While existing studies have provided important contributions,
the stream of research still lacks consistency due to ambiguous findings on the internationalization-firm
performance relationship. Moreover, previous research has often been limited to developed countries. The
present study focuses on the emerging Chindia countries and determines the direction and the strength
of the internationalization-firm performance relationship. Additionally, we have identified moderators of the
relationship. Drawing on 21 studies, based on 9026 firms, we utilize a meta-analytic review to assess our
hypotheses. Our results show that there is a significant and positive internationalization-firm performance
relationship in Chindia countries. The effect of internationalization in India and China does not significantly
differ. Moreover, we find that the effect of internationalization is significantly stronger in the United States
as compared to the Chindia countries. The time period of data collection did not play an important role as a
moderator. The present study contributes to the International Business literature by examining how and to
which extent internationalization influences firm performance and offers implications for theory and practice
as well as recommendations for future research.
KEYWORDS
Internationalization; firm performance; Chindia; BRICS; China; India; US.
RESUMEN
Durante más de cuatro décadas, los investigadores han examinado teórica y empíricamente la relación
entre la internacionalización y el desempeño de las empresas. Si bien los estudios anteriores han aportado
contribuciones importantes, las investigaciones actuales tienden a carecer coherencia debido a conclusio-
nes ambiguas sobre la relación entre la internacionalización y el desempeño de las empresas. Además, en
muchos casos, los estudios anteriores se han limitado a los países desarrollados. El presente estudio se
enfoca en los países emergentes de Chindia y determina la dirección y la fuerza de la relación internaciona-
lización-desempeño de empresas. Además, se identifican moderadores de esta relación. Basándose en 21
estudios y 9026 empresas, utilizamos un análisis meta-analítico para evaluar nuestras hipótesis. Nuestros
resultados demuestran que existe una relación significativa y positiva entre la internacionalización y el
desempeño de las empresas en Chindia. El efecto de la internacionalización en India y en China no presenta
diferencias significativas. Por otra parte, definimos que el efecto de la internacionalización es considerable-
mente más fuerte en Estados Unidos en comparación con los países Chindia. El periodo de recolección de
datos no tuvo un papel importante como moderador. El presente estudio constituye una contribución a la
literatura sobre negocios internacionales examinando cómo y en qué medida la internacionalización tiene
una influencia sobre el desempeño de las empresas y sugiere implicaciones para la teoría y la práctica así
como recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.
1 Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany. Email: linda.schulze@st.ovgu.de
2 Université de Strasbourg, France. Email: aurelien.douesnel@em-strasbourg.eu
3 Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Email: Olivia.gregoire@student.uclouvain.be
AD-mi nister Nº. 29 julio -dicie mbre 20 16 pp. 5 - 22 · ISSN 1692- 0279 · eISSN 2256-43 22
Linda Schulze · Aur élien D ouesne l · Oli via Gré goire
Inter nationa lizati on and firm pe rforma nce in Chindi a count ries: a meta- analyti c revi ew
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PALABRAS CLAVE
Internacionalización; desempeño de empresas; Chindia; BRICS; China; India; Estados Unidos.
INTRODUCTION
The influence of the degree of internationalization on fi rm performance is a
fundamental part of International Business (Glaum & Oesterle, 2007). Despite many
years of empirical research in the field of internationalizat ion, there has been no
consensus on the strength or nature of the inter nationalization-firm pe rformance
relationship (e.g.: Glaum & Oesterle, 2007; Ruigrok, Amann & Wagner, 2007). A Meta-
analytic review by R uigrok and Wagner (2004) suggests a positive and significant
relationship between internationalization and firm performance. However, this
study mainly considered data from developed countr ies. Therefore, the results lack
generalizability across dierent nati onal contexts. Since research has suggested
that internationaliza tion strategies implemented by develop ed countries dier
from those of emerging countries (Gaur & Kumar, 2010), the present study focuses
on the relationship betwe en internationalization and the perfor mance of firms that
originate from the emerging countries. Specifically, we will be investigating the
relationship in Chindia countries. Chindia is an acronym that refers to Ch ina and
India together. While the fast-growing Chindia countries once were inward looking
countries, they have demonstrated a clear trend toward internat ionalization and
have emerg ed as important s ources of outward foreig n direct investment i n the
global economy (Athreye & Kapur, 2009; Gill & Singh, 2012; Oswal, 2010). Despite
the need to study the international ization-firm performa nce relationship in those
emerging countrie s, empirical research is sti ll sparse in this field. Our study seeks
to analyze the internationalization-firm performance relationship by investigating
data from China and India. The paper makes the following major cont ributions
to In ternational Business literature. First, we aim to examine the magnitude and
direction of the internationaliza tion-firm per formance relationship in China and
India. Second, we identify potential methodological and conceptual mode rators
of the relationship. This study tests dierences of the international ization-firm
performance relationship in the United States and Chindia as well as in C hina
and India. Moreover, we examine whether the impact of internationalization on firm
performance has changed over time or not.
We investigate the internationalization-firm performance relationship and
identify moderators by utilizing a meta-analytic review including information from 21
independent studies on 9026 firms in India, China and the United States of America.
The following meta-analysis is organized accordingly. The theoretical framework
and research model are described below. Then, the research method is introduced
and findings are presented. The results will be discussed next, and practical and
theoretical implications will be drawn. The paper ends with the presentation of
limitations and directions for future research.
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