Revista de Estudios Sociales - Libros y Revistas
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      • Revista de Estudios Sociales

Editorial:
Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia)
Fecha publicación:
2016-09-14
ISBN:
1900-5180
Copyright:
COPYRIGHT Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)

Número de Revista

Últimos documentos

  • Revisiting Industrial Policy and Industrialization in Twentieth Century Latin America

    This brief article seeks to introduce the reader to this special number on industrialization in contemporary Latin America. It does so considering three issues. First, the importance of industrialization in sustaining high rates of economic growth leading to high levels of income per capita. Second, the long-standing debate in global historiography regarding the successes and failures of industrial policy: markets vs. states. Lastly, Latin America´s industrial trajectory through the lenses of four historiographical tendencies, and the ways in which each of the four original papers relate to the extant literature, and contribute to enhancing our understanding of one of the most important economic transformations in the history of the region.

  • CEPAL and ISI: Reconsidering the Debates, Policies and Outcomes

    Reappraising cepalina import-substituting industrialisation (ISI) means exploring strategies associated with diagnoses and policy prescriptions, recognising that ideas and processes changed over time, that there was divergence between original diagnoses of development problems and policy interventions designed to resolve them, and that some strategies and outcomes attributed to ECLA were distant from original propositions. Section one locates the ECLA project within a stylised chronology. The second focusses on two sub-periods: (i) proto-cepalismo; (ii) the classic phase of cepalismo. The third re-evaluates the project, challenging contemporary and current opinions. The main findings emphasise continuities between the two sub-periods, arguing that current vilification of the project by the left and the right is/was myopic. Industrial growth was underway in some economies by/before the end of the nineteenth century; industrialisation may have occurred in some countries before 1940; and what had been achieved by the 1990s in parts of the continent was considerable.

  • Bringing the Structure Back in: Limited Access Orders, 'Extreme' ISI and Development

    Structuralists highlighted politico-economic constraints on late development and advocated infant industry policies. In practice, highly distortionary implementation choices were near ubiquitous. Why did policymakers prefer this extreme policy? Employing North, Wallis & Weingast (2009), I argue politicians were constrained by a limited access order (LAO) to directly distribute production rights to powerful groups. "Extreme" ISI policies maximized politicians’ ability to directly distribute production rights; a milder policy meant replacing state-conferred rights with market mechanisms. I review representative "extreme" policies in Brazil, Chile and India, and then demonstrate their political efficacy in diversifying production rights that could be directly exchanged for elite support. Finally, I discuss the argument’s consistency with early structuralist emphasis on underlying politico-economic conditions as impediments to growth.

  • Integración regional y políticas de industrialización en América Latina: la historia de un amor conflictivo

    El artículo discute la relación entre integración regional e industrialización en América Latina durante los últimos setenta años. Con este propósito, se demuestra cómo el pensamiento estructuralista de la CEPAL y las dinámicas integracionistas, en la práctica, se han influido entre sí. Se esboza cuáles fueron las posturas acerca de la industrialización regional en el viejo regionalismo, en el regionalismo abierto y en los regionalismos del siglo XXI, y cómo estas eran moldeadas por los conflictos entre diferentes grupos sociales. Concretamente, se introducen los ejemplos del Pacto Andino, del MERCOSUR y del ALBA. La contribución del artículo consiste en reflexionar críticamente sobre las experiencias latinoamericanas con la elaboración e implementación de política industrial común en diversos contextos.

  • El 'canto de cisne' de la industrialización argentina. Desempeño y alternativas en la etapa final de la ISI

    Este artículo analiza la etapa final de la Industrialización por Sustitución de Importaciones en Argentina, que tiene lugar entre 1960 y 1975. Presentamos, por un lado, los avances y límites estructurales de ese proceso y, por otro, rescatamos algunas ideas y definiciones de política económica que buscaban resolver estas limitaciones. En el primer sentido, destacamos la evolución positiva de algunos factores (como las exportaciones de manufacturas, los cambios en la composición interna del sector y el desarrollo de grandes proyectos en la industria de base) que nos informan sobre la maduración del proceso industrial. En cuanto a las ideas, analizamos las contribuciones intelectuales y los debates, los cuales revelan un consenso relativo con respecto a la necesidad de fortalecer la presencia industrial en los mercados externos y superar, de esta manera, la estrategia de sustitución tradicional, identificada con las propuestas originales de la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL).

  • On the Nature and Endings of Latin America's Industrial Policies Interview with Robert Kaufman and Adolfo Meisel
  • (Re)visitando a la madre (des)naturalizada : búsquedas y encuentros entre personas adoptadas en Chile y sus madres de origen

    En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación cualitativa que explora y analiza las narrativas de un grupo de personas adultas que fueron adoptadas en Chile, que han buscado sus orígenes y que han establecido contacto con sus madres de origen. En sus narrativas, las personas entrevistadas adhieren, tensionan y/o desafían los principios y discursos que conforman las políticas y prácticas adoptivas hegemónicas, resignificando de formas diversas su experiencia de adopción en el proceso de (re)construcción de sus identidades y de reorganización de sus relaciones de parentesco. Se discuten las tensiones y ambivalencias que se juegan en los procesos de búsquedas de orígenes y los desafíos asociados.

  • ¿Puede la publicidad ser feminista? Ambivalencia e intereses de género en la femvertising a partir de un estudio de caso: Deliciosa Calma de Campofrío

    Una reciente estrategia publicitaria, llamada femvertising, parece llamada a terminar con el sexismo que siempre ha acompañado a gran parte de la publicidad. Se trata de una propuesta que no sólo supera los paradigmas sexistas sino que incorpora elementos de empoderamiento de las mujeres. Sin embargo, no está exenta de riesgos, por su carácter ambivalente y por los intereses de género que compromete. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre los aspectos teóricos de la femvertising y realiza un estudio de caso para aproximarse a una publicidad sobre la que apenas existe bibliografía. Las conclusiones nos anuncian que se trata de un fenómeno complejo que exige seguir siendo profundizado en su análisis para diagnosticar su compromiso con la igualdad.

  • Law and Violence in the Colombian Post-Conflict: State-Making in the Wake of the Peace Agreement

    Colombia’s 2016 Peace Agreement with the FARC guerrilla extends beyond the end of the war, and beyond measures for the disarmament, demobilization and reincorporation of former guerrillas. A large portion of the agreement is dedicated to the extension of the presence of the Colombian State into those areas of the country formerly under FARC control. The premise behind this extension, shared by Colombian elites as much as by former guerrilla leaders, is that if the State remains absent, then the areas will be occupied by criminal organizations interested in controlling the FARC cocaine trade, and, more generally, the vast and sparsely populated territories will further descend into barbarism. This premise resonates with a long arc of persistent aspiration for a national identity that is shaped by the opposition between civilization and barbarism. The expansion of civilization has, especially since the transformations effected by Colombia’s 1991 Constitution, been increasingly identified with the expansion of the rule of law, and hence with law’s mythical powers to order society and control barbarism. Violence is then equated to lawlessness, and the remedy for violence equated with the expansion of the Estado social de derecho, the State that embodies the rule of law in the Colombian Constitution. The foundational narrative of civilization versus barbarism, inherited by the hopes placed on the rule of law, and on the recipes for State-building, by the 2016 Peace Agreement, continues to obscure the continuities between law and violence, and particularly the fact that the execution of legal institutions in formerly "lawless" territories continues to enact the violent moment of the adoption of legality. Both theoretical and empirical explorations of the present process of the expansion of the Colombian State requires critical examination of the hopes vested on law, a critical examination that needs to engage with the many continuities between law and violence explored in contemporary political philosophy, and developed in Jean and John Comaroff’s ethnography. The productivity of this approach is highlighted in the essays in this dossier, which share the impulse to interrupt the foundational narrative of civilization and barbarism that remains in the institutions of the present post-conflict endeavor.

  • From Critique of the Postcolony to a Postcolonial Form of Critique. On the Uses and Misuses of Foucault in Jean and John Comaroff's Work

    This paper develops a philosophical approach to Jean and John Comaroffs’ work by fleshing out and theoretically articulating the form of critique that the Comaroffs employ in their reading of the "postcolonial" condition. Even though Walter Benjamin’s classical correlation between law and violence provides the framework for the kind of critique the Comaroffs perform, I want to show that when the question refers to what kind of critique they undertake in the context of the postcolony, as well as what form it needs to take in the specific context of the postcolonial world, it is the Comaroffs’ critical approaches to Michel Foucault rather than to Benjamin that become particularly illuminating.

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