La migración internacional y la salud en los países de origen. El efecto sobre los hogares por los migrantes y/o receptores de las remesas y sobre los migrantes retornados. Una revisión sistemática - Núm. 37, Julio 2019 - Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud - Libros y Revistas - VLEX 840070368

La migración internacional y la salud en los países de origen. El efecto sobre los hogares por los migrantes y/o receptores de las remesas y sobre los migrantes retornados. Una revisión sistemática

AutorLuis Miguel Tovar Cuevas, María Teresa Victoria Paredes, Camilo Zarama, Matheo Arellano Morales
Páginas1-33
1
Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia, 18(37); Julio-Diciembre de 2019
International Migration and Health in the
Countries of Origin. The Effect on Households
with Migrants and/or Recipients of Remittances,
and on Returned Migrants. A Systematic Review*
La migración internacional y la salud en los países
de origen. El efecto sobre los hogares por los
migrantes y/o receptores de las remesas y sobre
los migrantes retornados. Una revisión sistemática
a
A migração internacional e a saúde nos países de origem.
Efeito nas famílias pelos migrantes e/ou destinatários das
remessas e nos migrantes devolvidos. Uma revisão sistemática
Date received: 20 March 2018. Date accepted:
16 May 2019. Date published: 29 November 2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.rgps18-37.imhc
Luis Miguel Tovar-Cuevasa
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-8267
María Teresa Victoria-Paredes
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-2878
Camilo Zarama
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-1976
Matheo Arellano-Morales
Universidad Eafit, Colombia
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-8052
How to cite this article:Tovar-Cuevas LM, Victoria-Paredes MT, Zarama C, Arellano-Morales M. International
migration and health in the countries of origin. The effect on households with migrants and/or recipients of
remittances, and on returned migrants. A systematic review. Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud. 2019;18(37).
https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.rgps18-37.imhc
a Corresponding author. E-mail: luismtovar@gmail.com
2
Abstract
This work represents a systematic literature review that studies the effect of international migration on the health
of households in the countries of origin and of returned migrants. The effect is due to: 1) remittances, 2) transfer
of ideas, habits and behavioral norms, and 3) the previous migratory experience of returned migrants. Aspects of
health that may be affected are fertility rate, general health condition, access to health services, mental health, life
expectancy, anthropometric measures and nutrition, health expenditure, risk factors or health protectors. The search
included articles and documents published between January 2000 and August 2017, written in English or Spanish,
included in the databases Jstor, Proquest, IDEAS-RePec, Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed. Based on quantitative
and qualitative methodologies, the 85 selected articles, found positive and/or negative effects on health of children,
adolescents, women, older adults and returned migrants. This systematic review offers a broad look of the effects of
international migration on the health of the ones who stay, which results useful for policy makers and researchers. Not
all findings are consistent and therefore, further research on the matter is necessary, considering qualitative approaches.
ewors: emigration, return, immigration, mental health, child health, adult health, health status, health services
accessibility, risk factors.
Resumen
Este trabajo representa una reseña sistemática de la literatura que estudia el efecto de la migración internacional sobre
la salud de los hogares en los países de origen y en los migrantes retornados. El efecto se debe a: 1) las remesas, 2) la
transferencia de ideas, hábitos y normas de conducta, y 3) la experiencia migratoria previa de los migrantes retornados.
Aspectos de la salud que pueden verse afectados son la tasa de fertilidad, la condición general de salud, el acceso a
los servicios de salud, la salud mental, la expectativa de vida, las medidas antropométricas y la nutrición, los gastos
en salud, los factores de riesgo o los factores de protección de la salud. La búsqueda incluyó artículos y documentos
publicados entre enero de 2000 y agosto de 2017, escritos en inglés o español, incluidos en las bases de datos Jstor,
Proquest, IDEAS-RePec, Scielo, Google Scholar y PubMed. Con base en metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativ as,
los 85 artículos seleccionados encontraron efectos positivos y/o negativos sobre la salud de los niños, adolescentes,
mujeres, adultos mayores y migrantes retornados. Esta revisión sistemática ofrece una amplia mirada a los efectos de
la migración internacional sobre la salud de quienes se quedan, cosa que resulta útil para quienes crean las políticas
y para los investigadores. No todos los hallazgos son consistentes y, por consiguiente, se necesita más investigación
sobre el asunto considerando los enfoques cualitativos.
Palabras clave: emigración, retorno, inmigración, salud mental, salud infantil, salud del adulto, condición de salud,
accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, factores de riesgo.
Resumo
Este trabalho apresenta resenha sistemática da literatura que estuda o efeito da migração internacional na saúde das
famílias nos países de origem e nos migrantes devolvidos. O efeito é devido a: 1) as remessas, 2) a transferência
de ideias, hábitos e regras de conduta, e 3) a experiência migratória anterior dos migrantes que retornam. Aspectos
da saúde que podem ser afeitados são taxa de fertilidade, estado geral de saúde, acesso a serviços de saúde, saúde
mental, expectativa de vid a, medidas antropométricas e nutrição, despesas em saúde, fatores de risco ou fatores de
proteção à saúde. A busca incluiu artigos e documentos publicados entre janeiro de 2000 e agosto de 2017, escritos em
inglês ou espanhol, incluídos nas bases de dados Jstor, Proquest, IDEAS-RePec, Scielo, Google Scholar e PubMed.
Baseados em metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas, os 85 artigos escolhidos encontraram efeitos positivos e/ou
negativos sobre a saúde das crianças, adolescentes, mulheres, idosos e migrantes retornados. Esta revisão sistemática
oferece uma visão ampla dos efeitos da migração internacional sobre a saúde daqueles que ficam, o que resulta útil
para formuladores de políticas e pesquisadores. Nem todos os achados são consistentes e, portanto, mais pesquisa
sobre o assunto considerando abordagens qualitativos é precisa.
Palavras-chave: emigração, retorno, imigração, saúde mental, saúde infantil, saúde do adulto, estado de saúde,
acessibilidade a serviços de saúde, fatores de risco.
Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia, 18(37); Julio-Diciembre de 2019
International Migration and Health in the Countries of Origin. The Effect on Households with
Migrants and/or Recipients of Remittances, and on Returned Migrants. A Systematic Review
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Introduction
According to The World Bank (1), as a result of globalization, political conflicts, climate change
and, social and economic problems that afflict countries, international migration has increased
around the world. In 2013, more than 247 million people were living in different countries from
that in which they were born, and the flows of world remittances increased to US$583,000
million in 2014.
International migration (emigration, immigration, return, remittances) may affect the health of
emigrants, indigenous population of the receiving countries, members of the household that stay
in the countries of origin and performance of health systems. Available literature on the effect
of international migration on health is abundant and it is mainly focused on the effects that it
produces on the health of immigrants and on the impact that the drain of health professionals
has on health systems. However, the interest for studying the impact of migration on health has
increased in the countries of origin, since developing countries are those which produce most
emigrants and the health of population, as well as the possibility that the former has to access
to health services, constitute key elements to achieve economic development (2).
There is evidence that international migration may affect the health of all the members in the
household that stay in the countries of origin. For instance, it can negatively affect the health of
children since they receive less preventive health care (3) or it constitutes a stressful situation that
affects psychological wellbeing (4,5,6). It could also present positive effects such as the increase
of the expenditure and demand of health services as a result of the reception of remittances
(7,8,9), the improvement of child nutrition indicators (10,11) and the decrease of child mortality
(12).
International migration affects the health of adolescents and youngsters when enabling the
acquisition of unhealthy habits such as smoking (13) and producing emotional stress (14).
Mental health of women may also be affected (15,16,17), as well as the diet of older adults
(18). On the other hand, emigrants and returned migrants, can also transfer values, norms and
practices acquired abroad for the benefit of their communities that may affect health outcomes
(19,20).
Several are the ways through which migration (emigration, return, remittances) affects health
outcomes in the countries of origin, diverse are the health outcomes that may be affected and the
effects can be positive, negative or appear in both directions. In spite of the fact that migration
effects on people that stay in the countries of origin are multidimensional, studies generally focus
on only one part of them, making it difficult to understand its true impact. For instance, when
a study focuses on anthropometric measures, it can put to one side the psychological aspects
that could simultaneously be affected.
The study of the effects of international migration on health outcomes of people and households
in the countries of origin is a less-paid attention subject in comparison to the studies focused on
Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia, 18(37); Julio-Diciembre de 2019

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