El prosumo: una mirada a la economía invisible
| Autor | Claudia Marcela Ortegón Clavijo |
| Páginas | 91-102 |
91
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Ινφορµαχι⌠ν δελ αρτχυλο
Ρεχιβιδο: 04/06/2015
Ρεϖισαδο: 11/08/2015
Αχεπταδο: 10/12/2015
Ινφορµαχι⌠ν δελ αυτορ
∗∗Μγ. ∆εσαρρολλ ο Ρεγιοναλ ψ
RncpkÝece k„p" fgn" Vgttkvq tkq0" Fqegp vg"
fg" nc" Eqtrq tcek„p" Wpk Ýecfc" Pcekq pcn"
fg" Gfwecek „p" Uwrgtk qt" EWP" Tg ikqpcn"
Θυινδο ψ δελ Προγραµα Εχονοµ α δε
nc" Wpkxgtu kfcf" fgn" Swkp fq0" Ctogpkc."
Swkpfq." Eqnqodkc0
Χορρεσπονδενχια
χµορτεγον≅γµαιλ.χοµ
Æ"4237"Wpkxgtukfcf" Nc"Itcp" Eqnqodkc0"
Guvg" gu" wp" ctvewnq" fg" ceeguq" cdkgtvq."
διστριβυιδο βαϕο λοσ τρµινοσ δε λα
λιχενχια Χρεατιϖε Χοµµονσ Αττριβυτιον
Nkegpug." swg" rgtokvg" gn" wuq" knkokvcfq."
fkuvtkdwek„p"{"tgrtqfweek„p" gp"ewcnswkgt"
ogfkq."ukgortg"swg"gn" cwvqt"qtkikpcn"{"nc"
φυεντε σε αχρεδιτεν.
Χ⌠µο χιταρ
Qtvgi„p."E0O" *4237+0" Gn" rtquwoq
µιραδα α λα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε. Χοντεξτο."
4; 91−102.
Ελ προσυµο: υνα µιραδα α λα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε∗
Encwfkc"Octegnc"Qtvgi„p"Encxklq,,
Ρεσυµεν
Gn"rtquwoq" ug"tgÝgtg" cn" rtqfwevq."ugtxkekq" q"gzrgtkgpekc" swg" jc"ukfq" rtqfwekfq"{" eqpuwokfq"
rqt"wp"okuoq"cigpvg."kpfkxkfwq"q"eqngevkxq."rctc"uw"rtqrkq"dgpgÝekq"{1q"gn"fg"qvtq."ukp"swg"guvg"
dwuswg"pgeguctkcogpvg" wpc" eqorgpucek„p" oqpgvctkc" cn" kpvgtkqt" fgn" ogtecfq0" Ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"
δε π ροσυµο σε ενχυεντραν εν ελ µαρχο δε λα δενοµιναδα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε. Αλ µαργεν δε
nc" rtqfweek„p" geqp„okec." gu" fgekt."cswgnnc" swg" ug" oqpgvctk¦c" *geqpqoc" xkukdng+." gzkuvg" wp"
wpkxgtuq"fg" cevkxkfcfgu" tgcnk¦cfcu" rqt" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu" cigpvgu." ncu" ewcngu" pq" uqp" tgowpgtcfcu"
geqp„okecogpvg"rqt"gn"ukuvgoc."ukp"godctiq."fkejcu"cevkxkfcfgu"kpekfgp"ukipkÝecvkxcogpvg"gp"gn"
okuoq"uquvgpkokgpvq"fg"nc"geqpqoc"{"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"uqekgfcf0"C"eqpvkpwcek„p"ug"rtgugpvcp"nqu"
tguwnvcfqu"fg"nc"kfgpvkÝecek„p"{"ectcevgtk¦cek„p"fg"ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"oƒu"tgrtgugpvcvkxcu"tgcnk¦cfcu"
rqt"rctvg"fg" nqu"fkhgtgpvgu" vkrqu"fg" rtquwokfqtgu."cn" kiwcn"swg" nqu"rtguwrwguvqu"swg" oqxknk¦cp"
uw"ceek„p0" Gn"rtqr„ukvq" fgn"ctvewnq" gu"cpcnk¦ct" nc"kpekfgpekc "fgn" rtquwoq"gp" nc"geqpqoc" {"gn"
fgucttqnnq."c" rctvkt"fg"ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"tgcnk¦cfcu" rqt"nqu" fkhgtgpvgu"vkrqu" fg"rtquwokfqtgu" {"nqu"
rtguwrwguvqu"swg"eqpfkekqpcp"uw"ceek„p0"Nc"ogvqfqnqic"fg"kpxguvkicek„p"gu"fg"vkrq"cpcnvkec."dclq"
wp"ofivqfq"jgtogpfiwvkeq."eqp"gphqswg"ewcnkvcvkxq" g"kphqtocek„p"ugewpfctkc0"Eqoq"tguwnvcfq"ug"
kfgpvkÝec"swg"gzkuvgp"fkhgtgpvgu"vkrqu"fg"cigpvgu"rtquwokfqtgu."guvqu"ewgpvcp"eqp"ectcevgtuvkecu"
{"rtguwrwguvqu"rtqrkqu"fg"uw"eqpfkek„p"gp"ecfc"wpc"fg"ncu"fkogpukqpgu0
Παλαβρασ χλαϖε:"Geqpqoc."geqpqoc"kpxkukdng."fgucttqnnq."rtquwoq0
Τηε προσυµο: Αν οϖερϖιεω το ινϖισιβλε εχονοµψ
Αβστραχτ
Vjg"rtquwoq"tghgtu"vq"vjg"rtqfwev."ugtxkeg"qt"gzrgtkgpeg"yjkej"jcu"dggp"rtqfwegf"cpf"eqpuwogf"
d{"vjg"ucog" cigpv."kpfkxkfwcn" qt"c"eqoowpkv{."gkvjgt" hqt""jku1jgt" qyp"dgpgÝv" cpf1qt"vjg"qvjgt."
ykvjqwv"pgeguuctkn{" uggmkpi" cp{" oqpgvct{" eqpukfgtcvkqp" " ykvj" vjg" octmgv0" Rtquwoq" cevkxkvkgu"
ctg"ykvjkp" vjg"htcogyqtm" qh"kpxkukdng" geqpqo{="qwvukfg" geqpqoke"rtqfwevkqp." vjcv"ku." vjg" qpg"
yjkej"ku"oqpgvk¦gf" *xkukdng"geqpqo{+." vjgtg"ku" cp"wpkxgtug"qh" cevkxkvkgu"ecttkgf" qwv"d{" xctkqwu"
cigpvu."yjkej"cevkxkvkgu"ctg"pqv"geqpqokecnn{"tgowpgtcvgf="jqygxgt."uwej"cevkxkvkgu"ogcpkpihwnn{"
korcev"vjg" ucog"geqpqo{" uwuvckpogpv"cpf" fgxgnqrogpv"qh" vjg"uqekgv{0"" Dgnqy"ctg" vjg"tguwnvu"
qh"kfgpvkÝecvkqp" cpf"ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp" qh" vjg"ockp" cevkxkvkgu" rgthqtogf"d{" vjg"xctkqwu" v{rgu" qh"
rtquwogtu."cu" ygnn"cu" dwfigvu"rtqoqvkpi" vjgkt"cevkqp0" Vjg"rwtrqug" qh"vjg" ctvkeng" ku"vq" cpcn{¦g"
vjg"rtquwoq" korcev" qp" geqpqo{" cpf" fgxgnqrogpv." rctvkpi" htqo" cevkxkvkgu" rgthqtogf" d{" vjg"
xctkqwu"v{rgu"qh"rtquwogtu."cpf"dwfigvu"eqpfkvkqpkpi"vjgkt"cevkqp0"Vjg"tgugctej"ogvjqfqnqi{" ku"
cpcn{vkecn."wpfgt"vjg"jgtogpgwvke"ogvjqf."ykvj"c"swcnkvcvkxg"crrtqcej"cpf"ugeqpfct{""kphqtocvkqp0""
Cu"c"tguwnv."kv"ycu"hqwpf"vjcv""vjgtg"ctg"xctkqwu"v{rgu"qh"rtquwogt"cigpvu."ykvj"ejctcevgtkuvkeu"cpf"
dwfigvu"rtqrgt"qh"vjgkt"eqpfkvkqp"kp"gcej"fkogpukqp0
Κεψωορδσ
Ινϖεστιγαχι⌠ν
KUUPRtkpv
KUUP"*G+
jvvr<11eqpvgzvq0wiec0gfw0eq
Ρεϖιστα
",Ctvewnq"fgucttqnncfq"gn"octeq"fg"nc"kpxguvkicek„p"Gn"Rtquwoqkpxkukdng0"Rtqitcoc"fg"Geqpqoc"
Wpkxgtukfcf"Nc"Itcp"Eqnqodkc."Ugeekqpcn"Ctogpkc0"
92 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Ιντροδυχχι⌠ν
Ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"rtquwokuvcu1 φορµαν παρτε δε λα εχονοµα
qewnvc."vcodkfip"nncocfc" kpxkukdng="gu"fgekt" pq"oqpgvctkc."
cn"pq" ugt"tgowpgtcfc" {."rqt"nq" vcpvq."pq" eqpvcdknk¦cfc="c"
rguct"fg"guvc"eqpfkek„p."fkejcu"cevkxkfcfgu"igpgtcp"cni¿p"
vkrq"fg" dkgpguvct" {" dgpgÝekq"rctc" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu"cigpvgu"
swg"ncu"fgucttqnncp"*kpfkxkfwqu"q" eqngevkxqu+2."{"rqt"gpfg"
c"nc"uqekgfcf" gp"fkhgtgpvgu"curgevqu0" Gu"kppgicdng"swg" gn"
guvcfq"fg"kpxkukdknkfcf"fg"guvcu"cevkxkfcfgu."cfgoƒu"fg"uw"
ectƒevgt"pqtocn" {1q"eqvkfkcpq" swg"c" ukorng"xkuvc" rwgfcp"
vgpgt."jceg"swg" tguwnvg"cniq" gvfitgq"{" swk¦ƒ."rctc" owejqu"
εχονοµιστασ ε ιντερεσαδοσ εν ελ εστυδιο δελ χρεχιµιεντο
geqp„okeq"{"gn"fgucttqnnq."dcuvcpvg"ukp"ugpvkfq."gn"jgejq"fg"
vgpgt"gp"ewgpvc"fkejcu"cevkxkfcfgu."{."oƒu"c¿p."ewcpfq"uqp"
vcpvcu"{" vcp"fkxgtucu0" Rqt"vcpvq." gn"jqtk¦qpvg" fgn"rtqeguq"
kpxguvkicvkxq." hwg" nc" kfgpvkÝecek„p" fg" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"
rtquwokuvcu"oƒu"tgrtgugpvcvkxcu" g"korqtvcpvgu"gp" ewcpvq"
c"uw"crqtvg" c"nc"geqpqoc" xkukdng"{"cn" fgucttqnnq."c" rctvkt"
fg"uw" fkhgtgpvgu"vkrqu" fg" cigpvgu"{" nqu"rtguwrwguvqu" swg"
fgvgtokpcp" uw" ceek„p." cfgoƒu" fg" uw" tgncek„p" eqp" nqu"
πλανεσ δε δεσαρρολλο δε λασ διφερεντεσ αδµινιστραχιονεσ.
Cnxkp"{"Jgkfk"VqhÞgt"gp"uw"nkdtq"Λα τερχερα ολα ψ ρετοµαδο
εν λα Ρεϖολυχι⌠ν δε λα ριθυεζα." fgÝpgp" nc" rcncdtc"
προσυµο5." cew‚cpfq" fg" guvc" hqtoc" wp" pwgxq" vfitokpq"
swg" fc" ewgpvc" fg" nc" kpvgtceek„p" gpvtg" nqu" eqpegrvqu" fg"
rtqfweek„p" {" eqpuwoq=" ukp" godctiq" gn" pwgxq" xqecdnq"
pq"ug" tgÝgtg" ¿pkecogpvg" c"nc"wpk„p" fg" ncu" fqu"ceekqpgu"
geqp„okecu."rqt" gn" eqpvtctkq." gp" fin"ug" kpenw{g" wpc" ugtkg"
fg"eqpukfgtcekqpgu"{"ectcevgtuvkecu"swg"nq"gzrnkecp"{"fcp"
ugpvkfq0"Gn"vfitokpq"ug"kpvtqfweg"gp"ncu"gpvtc‚cu"okuocu"fg"
nq"swg"rctgekgtc"ugt" rctc"nc"oc{qtc" fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu." wpc"
cevkxkfcf"pcvwtcn" q"eqvkfkcpc" fg" nc"xkfc." c"rguct" fg"guvq."
gn"rtquwoq" gu" owejq" oƒu"korqtvcpvg" fg" nq" swg"rctgeg."
ψ α rctvkt" fg" uw" guvwfkq"{" eqortgpuk„p" rqftgoqu" nngict"
c" gpecokpctnq" rqvgpekcnogpvg" jcekc" gn" dgpgÝekq" fg" nc"
σοχιεδαδ.
30" VqhÞgt."Cnxkp" *3;4:/Z+0" Uqek„nqiq" {" guetkvqt" guvcfqwpkfgpug." eqpukfgtcfq"
Òrtqhgvc" uqekcnŁ." fgpqokpc" rtquwoq." c" vqfq" cswgn" dkgp." ugtxkekq." cevkxkfcf" q"
gzrgtkgpekc"rtqfwekfc"{"eqpuwokfc"rqt"wp"okuoq" cigpvg"*kpfkxkfwq"q"eqngevkxq+."
rctc"dgpgÝekq"rtqrkq"q" fg"qvtq"*u+." ukp"tgcnk¦ctug"gp"gn" vtcuewtuq"fg"guvg" rtqeguq."
wpc"vtcpuceek„p"fg"vkrq"geqp„okeq"cn"kpvgtkqt"fgn"ogtecfq0"
40"Rtquwoq"Kpfkxkfwcn"Î"Eqngevkxqrtquwokt."eqpfkekqpcfc"
rqt"gn"p¿ogtq"fg"cigpvgu"swg"nc"tgcnk¦cp."cu"cn" ugt"tgcnk¦cfc"rqt"wpc"uqnc"rgtuqpc"
ug"fgvgtokpc"kpfkxkfwcn"{"uk"ug"tgcnk¦c"rqt"wp"itwrq"fg"guvcu."ug"fgpqokpc"gpvqpegu"
χολεχτιϖο.
50""Nc" rcncdtc"rtquwokfqt." q"vcodkfip"eqpqekfc" eqoq"rtquwogt." gu"wp"cet„pkoq"
hqtocfq"rqt" nc"hwuk„p" qtkikpcn"fg" ncu" rcncdtcu"gp" kpinfiu"rtqfwegt" *rtqfwevqt+"{"
eqpuwogt"*eqpuwokfqt+0" Kiwcnogpvg."ug" ng" cuqekc"c" nc"hwuk„p" fg" ncu"rcncdtcu" gp"
kpinfiu"rtqhguukqpcn"*rtqhgukqpcn+"{"eqpuwogt"*eqpuwokfqt+0
Gn"rcftg"swg"cttginc"gn"lctfp."nc"ocftg"swg"qtfgpc"nc"ecuc"
{"ewkfc"fg"uwu"jklqu."cfgoƒu"swg"nqu"gfwec"{"gpug‚c"c"xkxkt"
gp"uqekgfcf." rtgrctcpfq" cu."nc" hwvwtc" hwgt¦c"fg" vtcdclq="
ncu"rgtuqpcu"swg"hqtocp"rctvg"fg"wp"itwrq"fg"xqnwpvctkqu."
cswgnncu" swg" ewkfcp" gp" ecuc" fg" uw" hcoknkct" gphgtoq."
ukgodtcp" ƒtdqngu." crcicp" gn" kpvgttwrvqt" rgpucpfq" gp" gn"
ecngpvcokgpvq" inqdcn." tgekencp." etgcp" rqguc." nkvgtcvwtc."
o¿ukec" q" rkpvcp" wp" ewcftq." jcegp" rctvg" fgn" eqtq" fg" nc"
kingukc." tgcnk¦cp" tgeqngevcu" q" dcuctgu" rctc" ncu" ecwucu"
jwocpkvctkcu." vqfq" gnnq." rqt" glgornq." uqp" cevkxkfcfgu"
προσυµιστασ.
Vcodkfip"ug"rtgugpvc"gn"rtquwoq"gp"ncu"vkgpfcu"fg"dtkeqnclg."
αλ διστριβυιρ προδυχτοσ σιν λα τοταλιδαδ δελ προχεσο δε
hcdtkecek„p."vtcuncfcpfq"gn"tguvcpvg"cn"eqpuwokfqt"rctc"swg"
fin"nq"vgtokpg." dclq"nc" rwdnkekfcf"kornekvc"q" gzrnekvc"fgn"
jƒicnq"wuvgf"okuoq0"Ncu" gortgucu"swg"rtqxggp" kpuwoqu"
rctc" nqu" vtcdclqu" ecugtqu." ug" dgpgÝekcp" fg" nc" gzkuvgpekc"
fgn"rtquwoq." c" nc"xg¦" swg" nq"hqogpvcp." gurgeÝecogpvg"
gp"nqu" jqictgu0"Cnn" vcodkfip" ug"gpewgpvtcp" nqu" ewkfcfqu"
hcoknkctgu." nc" rtqvgeek„p" fgn" ogfkqcodkgpvg." nc" hqtoc"
kpvgnkigpvg"fg"eqortct."gp" fqpfg"ug" crtqxgejcp"ewrqpgu"
{" fguewgpvqu." nc" tgeqogpfcek„p" fg" rtqfwevqu." gn"
cwvqugtxkekq"{" wp" ukphp" fg"cevkxkfcfgu." swg" ug" kpenw{gp"
gp" guvc" oqpgvctkcogpvg" kpfgvgevcdng." eqoq" korqtvcpvg"
εχονοµα. Εστασ αχτιϖιδαδεσ φορµαν παρτε δε λα εχονοµα
ινϖισιβλε4 ψ συσ αγεντεσ σε δενοµιναν προσυµιδορεσ.
Fkejq" ugiogpvq" geqp„okeq" gu" vcp" itcpfg" g" korqtvcpvg"
eqoq"nc"xkukdng."gu"fgekt."nc"oqpgvctkc."{c"swg"eqpvtkdw{g"
λα πριµερα παρα ελ σοστενιµιεντο εφεχτιϖο δε λα σεγυνδα.
½Rwgfg" cniwkgp" kocikpct" wpc" geqpqoc" hwpekqpcn."
{" owejq" ogpqu" nc" rtqfwevkxkfcf" fg" nc" geqpqoc"
xkukdng." ukp" vtcdclcfqtgu" c" nqu" swg" ug" ngu" jc{c"
gpug‚cfq" fgufg" pk‚qu" c" xguvktug" {" c" jcdnct" {" swg"
jc{cp"ukfq"uqekcnk¦cfqu"gp"nc"ewnvwtcA"½Swfi"ugtc"fg"nc"
rtqfwevkxkfcf"fg" nc"geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc."ukp" swg"nqu"
vtcdclcfqtgu"swg"nngictcp"c"gnnc."ectgekgtcp"kpenwuq"fg"
guvcu"opkocu" jcdknkfcfguA"Guvq" gu"rtqfwekfq" rqt" nc"
geqpqoc"kpxkukdng0"*VqhÞgt."4228<537+0"
Gn" rtquwoq" gu" nq" swg" crtqxgejc" gn" uwrgtogtecfq." swg"
gp" nwict" fg" xgpfgfqtgu." wvknk¦c" cn" rtqrkq" enkgpvg." q" ncu"
εσταχιονεσ δε σερϖιχιο εν δονδε υνο µισµο σε αβαστεχε λα
60"Geqpqoc" {"Hkpcp¦cu." Gn" Dnqi"Ucno„p" Î"Ygdnqiu"N0U0 Ewcpfq" ug"jcdnc" fg"
Geqpqoc"Kpxkukdng"q"Rtquwoq"*Vgqtc"VqhÞgtkcpc+."nqu"kpxguvkicfqtgu"ug"tgÝgtgp"
cn"eqplwpvq"fg"vtcdclq"pq"tgowpgtcfq"swg"ug"tgcnk¦c"fgpvtq"fg"wp"rcu0"Guvq"kpenw{g"
cevkxkfcfgu"eqoq"gn"xqnwpvctkcfq."rgtq"vcodkfip"nc"ncdqt"tgcnk¦cfc"rqt"cocu"{"coqu"
fg"ecuc."gn"ewkfcfq"fg"gphgtoqu"oc{qtgu."nc"cvgpek„p"fg"pk‚quÈ"okngu"{"okngu" fg"
jqtcu"fg"vtcdclq"swg" pq"vkgpgp"eqorgpucek„p." {"swg"fg"cewgtfq" eqp"nc"uqek„nqic"
gurc‚qnc"Octc"èpigngu"Fwtƒp." rqt"glgornq."gswkxcnftc"gp" vfitokpqu"oqpgvctkqu"
cn"ecuk"82"'"fgn"RKD"gp"uw"rcu0
93
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
icuqnkpc."nqu" eclgtqu"cwvqoƒvkequ" {"nqu" fkurgpucfqtgu" fg"
rtqfwevqu."gp"guvqu"ecuqu"gn"eqpuwokfqt"cuwog"vcodkfip"gn"
παπελ δε προδυχτορ δελ σερϖιχιο δε ϖεντα.
Nc" kfgc" fg" wp" gorngcfq" swg" uwiktk„" xgpfgt" wpc"
oguc" fguoqpvcfc" gp" rkg¦cu" eqp" uwu" ewcvtq" rcvcu"
περφεχταµεντε ενχαϕαδασ εν υνα χαϕα πλανα. [...]
rgtokvktc" cjqttct" equvgu" gp" gn" vtcurqtvg." gp" gn"
cnocegpclg"{"gxkvct"fc‚qu"gp"uw"vtcuncfq0"]000̲"Gu"fgekt."
uk"wuvgf" vtcdclc" rctc"pquqvtqu." rqt" cu"fgekt ug" uktxg"
wuvgf"okuoq"gp"nc"vkgpfc." ug"nq"nngxc"c" ecuc."nq"oqpvc"
{."itcekcu"c"guq."eqpukiwg"wp"rtgekq"hcpvƒuvkeq0"¾Guq"gu"
rtquwoq#"*Gn"Rcu"Ugocpcn."4229
Nqu" rtquwokfqtgu" eqogtekcnk¦cp" rtqfwevqu" {" ugtxkekqu."
αυν χυανδο συ τραβαϕο νο εσ ρεµυνεραδο; χρεαν ϖαλορ
ewcpfq"cev¿cp" eqoq"xqnwpvctkqu=" cegngtcp"nc" kppqxcek„p"
αλ ρεχοµενδαρ µεϕορασ α λοσ προδυχτοσ ψ/ο δετεχταρ εν
gnnqu"korgthgeekqpgu."igpgtcp"{"vtcuncfcp"gn"eqpqekokgpvq"
{"ncu" vfiepkecu." vcodkfip" tgrtqfwegp" nc" hwgt¦c" fg" vtcdclq."
cfgoƒu"swg" nc"gfwecp" {"rtgrctcp" rctc"swg" hqtogp"rctvg"
fg"nc"rtqfweek„p"geqp„okec"{"nc"uqekgfcf"gp"igpgtcn0"ÐNc"
geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc" tgÞglc" ¿pkecogpvg" nc" rtqfweek„p"
geqp„okec"fg" wp" rcuÑ" *Ocpmky." 4229
cxcp¦ct"gp" nc" cugxgtcek„p." gp" ewcpvq" c" swg" guvc" gu" uqnq"
wp"htciogpvq"fg"wp"ocrc"geqp„okeq"owejq"oƒu"itcpfg."
εν ελ χυαλ σε ινχλυψε λα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε; ψ σον λασ δοσ
vcp" itcpfgu" eqoq" korqtvcpvgu." {."oƒu" c¿p." ewcpfq" wpc"
fgrgpfg" fg" nc" qvtc0" Nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng" kpvgtcev¿c"
eqp"nc"oqpgvctkc." fgurnc¦cpfq"gn" xcnqt"fg" wp"ncfq"c" qvtq"
c" vtcxfiu" fg" nqu" rtquwokfqtgu0" Nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng" {"
uwu"igpgtcfqtgu." uqp" fg" uwoc" korqtvcpekc" vcpvq" rctc" gn"
συστεντο δε λα εχονοµα µονεταρια χοµο παρα ελ αϖανχε
gp"gn"ecokpq"jcekc"gn"fgucttqnnq0
Nc" uqekgfcf" pgegukvc" rgtuqpcu" swg" ug" jcicp" ectiq"
fg" nqu" cpekcpqu" {" swg" ugrcp" e„oq" ugt" eqorcukxqu"
{" jqpguvqu0" Nc" uqekgfcf" pgegukvc" igpvg" swg" vtcdclg"
gp" nqu" jqurkvcngu0" Nc" uqekgfcf" pgegukvc" vqfq" vkrq"
fg" jcdknkfcfgu" swg" pq" uqp" u„nq" eqipkvkxcu=" uqp"
goqekqpcngu." uqp" chgevkxcu0" Pq" rqfgoqu" oqpvct" nc"
uqekgfcf"uqdtg"fcvqu"*VqhÞgt."4228+0
Nc" geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc" ug" gpoctec" gp" vqfq" cswgnnq"
kpogtuq" gp" nc" rtqfweek„p" geqp„okec" fg" nqu" rcugu." ukp"
godctiq." gu" kpfkuewvkdng" swg" cn" octigp" fg" gnnq." gzkuvg"
guvg" wpkxgtuq" fg" cevkxkfcfgu" swg" pq" uqp" fgvgevcfcu" rqt"
vqfqu"nqu" kpfkecfqtgu" swg" gp" guvc" guvtwevwtc" ug" wvknk¦cp="
nglqu" fg" rtgvgpfgt" rqt" gn" oqogpvq" eqoq" uqekgfcf." swg"
fkejcu"cevkxkfcfgu" fg"vkrq" pq" geqp„okeq."ugcp" kpenwkfcu"
gp"guvc"guvtwevwtc."fcfc" nc"eqpfkek„p"fg" kpxkukdknkfcf"swg"
gnncu"rqt" uw"pcvwtcng¦c" vkgpgp."u"g u"kpfkurgpucdng"swg" ug"
cxcpeg"gp"uw"tgeqpqekokgpvq" {"eqpegrvwcnk¦cek„p"{c"swg"
vkgpgp"wp"ectƒevgt"oƒu" uqekcn"swg"geqp„okeq0 Α παρτιρ δε
guvq."pq"uqnq"gpvgpfgt."swg"nc"htkcnfcf"{"vgepkekuoq"fg"nqu"
kpfkecfqtgu"geqp„okequ" gp" owejqu" ecuqu"ug" gpewgpvtcp"
nglqu" fg" nc" xgtfcfgtc" tgcnkfcf" fg" nc" uqekgfcf." ukpq" swg"
c" rctvkt" fg" wpc" oktcfc" jcekc" nc" geqpqoc" rtquwokuvc."
cfgoƒu"fg" wp" tgeqpqekokgpvq" {" hqtvcngekokgpvq" fg" gnnc."
ug"nqitctc" wpc" rqukdng"tgxqnwek„p" fg" nc"cevkxkfcf" fgufg"
vqfcu" uwu" ƒtgcu" fg" ceek„p" *geqp„okec." uqekcn." ewnvwtcn."
rqnvkec."codkgpvcn" {"vgepqn„ikec+."c" vtcxfiu"fg" nqu"swg" ug"
rqftcp"fgpqokpct" gp" cni¿p"oqogpvq" nqu" rtquwokfqtgu"
δελ δεσαρρολλο.
Gn"qdlgvkxq"fg"nc"kpxguvkicek„p"hwg"gn"fg"crqtvct"gngogpvqu"
rctc" cxcp¦ct" gp" gn" eqpqekokgpvq" {" eqortgpuk„p" fg"
guvg" kpxkukdng" htciogpvq" fg" nc" geqpqoc." ncu" fkhgtgpvgu"
cevkxkfcfgu" swg" ug" tgcnk¦cp" gp" fin." nqu" rtguwrwguvqu" swg"
oqxknk¦cp"c"nqu"fkhgtgpvgu"vkrqu"fg"rtquwokfqtgu."cfgoƒu"
fg"tgucnvct"gn"crqtvg"swg"guvqu"jcegp"vcpvq"cn"uquvgpkokgpvq"
fg"nc" geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc." eqoq"cn" nqitq" fgn" fgucttqnnq"
fg"nc"uqekgfcf0"Dclq"nqu"nkpgcokgpvqu"vg„tkequ" gpvtgicfqu"
rqt" gn" rcftg" fgn" eqpegrvq" *VqhÞgt." 4228+." cegtec" nc"
vgqtk¦cek„p"fg"nc"geqpqoc"kpxkukdng"{"uw"kpvgttgncek„p"eqp"
nc"oqpgvctkc."ncu"fkhgtgpvgu"eqpukfgtcekqpgu"fg"fgucttqnnq"
gpvtgicfcu" rqt" *Ugp." 4222+" {" *Ocz/Pggh." 3;;5+" cegtec"
fg" nc" pwgxc" geqpqoc" fg" ncu" o¿nvkrngu" kpvgnkigpekcu."
εν λασ χυαλεσ ελ προσυµιδορ εσ συ γραν προταγονιστα ψ
nqu" vtcdclqu" cfgncpvcfqu" rqt" *Jgpfgtuqp." 3;;;+." gp" nqu"
ewcngu" jceg" tghgtgpekc" c" nc" eqjguk„p" uqekcn" c" rctvkt" fg"
guvcu" cevkxkfcfgu=" ug" fgucttqnn„" nc" kpxguvkicek„p" eqp" gn"
Ýp" fg" guvcdngegt" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu" vkrqu" fg" rtquwokfqtgu."
uwu" rtguwrwguvqu." uwu" cevkxkfcfgu" tgcnk¦cfcu" {" gn" crqtvg"
fgn"eqpvgzvq"geqp„okeq"kpxkukdng"gp"gn"ewcn"cev¿cp."uqdtg"
gn" fgucttqnnq." gptkswgekgpfq" fg" guvc" hqtoc" nqu" guvwfkqu"
tgcnk¦cfqu" jcuvc" gn" oqogpvq." {" cornkcpfq" gn" cdcpkeq"
fg"rqukdknkfcfgu" c" nc"jqtc" fg" xgt."gpvgpfgt" {" cpcnk¦ct"nc"
εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε.
Ματεριαλεσ ψ µτοδοσ
Nc" kpxguvkicek„p" ug" qtkgpv„" gp" wp" guvwfkq" gzrnqtcvqtkq"
fg" ectƒevgt" fguetkrvkxq" cegtec" fg" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"
kpenwkfcu" gp" nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng." fgvgtokpcpfq" uwu"
αγεντεσ προσυµιδορεσ ταντο εν λα εχονοµα µονεταρια
eqoq" gn" nqitq" fgn" fgucttqnnq." cfgoƒu" fg" nc" ecrvwtc" fg"
λοσ πρεσυπυεστοσ ινµερσοσ εν ελ αχτυαρ δε χαδα τιπο
94 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
fg" rtquwokfqt" *geqp„okeq." uqekcn." ewnvwtcn." rqnvkeq."
codkgpvcn"{"vgepqn„ikeq+."dwuecpfq" kfgpvkÝect"rtkpekrkqu"
swg"etggp"pwgxcu"hqtocu"fg"ecrvct"nc"tgcnkfcf" geqp„okec"
fg"wpc" hqtoc"oƒu" uqekcn"{" ogpqu"oqpgvctkc." cfgoƒu"fg"
nc" etgcek„p" fg" rqukdngu" kpuvtwogpvqu" rctc" hqogpvctnq" g"
kpegpvkxctnq." {c" swg" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu" rtquwokuvcu" pq" uqp"
vcp"korqtvcpvgu"eqpvcdknk¦ctncu."eqoq"u"tgcnk¦ctncu0"
Nc"fguetkrek„p" fg"ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"rtquwokuvcu" cn"kpvgtkqt"
fg"nqu"p¿engqu"hcoknkctgu"rwgfg"nngxct"c"kfgpvkÝect"cniwpqu"
curgevqu" korqtvcpvgu" c" nc" jqtc" fg" fgÝpkt" uw" ukvwcek„p"
geqp„okec."uqekcn."ewnvwtcn"{"fg"dkgpguvct0"Fg"guvc"hqtoc."
cnecp¦ct" jkrqvfivkecogpvg" wpc" fguetkrek„p" gp" ewcpvq" cn"
itcfq"fg"cjqttq"gp"gn" kpitguq"hcoknkct"fkurqpkdng"c"ecwuc"
fgn" glgtekekq" rtquwokuvc." fg" kiwcn" ocpgtc." gn" fgvgevct"
αλγυνασ µεϕορασ εν ινδιχαδορεσ δε βιενεσταρ ψ χαλιδαδ
fg" xkfc" fg" nqu" kpvgitcpvgu" fgn" p¿engq" hcoknkct" c" rctvkt"
fgn" rtquwoq0" Gn" cpvgtkqt" rncpvgcokgpvq" ug" eqpuvkvw{„"
kpkekcnogpvg"eqoq"qdlgvq" fg"kpxguvkicek„p." ukp"godctiq."
gn" jgejq" fg" guvwfkct" guvcu" cevkxkfcfgu" gp" nc" hcoknkc."
tgswgtc"wp"rtgxkq"eqpqekokgpvq"oƒu"eqorngvq"g"kpvgitcn"
fg"nc"geqpqoc"kpxkukdng"{"nqu"cigpvgu"swg"cev¿cp"gp"gnnc0"
Rqt"vcpvq."wpc"xg¦"rtqhwpfk¦cfq"gn"vgoc."rqftgoqu"eqoq"
uqekgfcf"eqogp¦ct"c"kfgpvkÝect" fkejqu"gngogpvqu."gp" nqu"
fkhgtgpvgu" cigpvgu" geqp„okequ" ocetq." swg" pqu" tqfgcp"
eqoq"nc"hcoknkc."nc"gortguc"{"gn"Guvcfq0
Ρεσυλταδοσ
Gn" guegpctkq" geqp„okeq" uwgng" ugt" eqo¿pogpvg"
eqpukfgtcfq" c" rctvkt" fg" nc" gzkuvgpekc" fg" nqu" ogtecfqu."
vtcpuceekqpgu." fkpgtq" gp" rcrgn." ogvcn" {" rnƒuvkeq."
ewgpvcu" dcpectkcu." icpcpekcu." tgpfkokgpvqu" {" dgpgÝekqu"
geqp„okequ=" gp" guvg" eqpvgzvq." nc" htgewgpekc" dƒukec" {"
igpgtcn."gu"nc" rtqfweek„p"fg" dkgpgu"{" ugtxkekqu"rqt" rctvg"
fg"ncu" gortgucu." rctc" cu." ugt" eqogtekcnk¦cfqu" rqt" guvcu"
w"qvtcu." nngicpfq"cn" eqpuwokfqt"Ýpcn"rqt" ogfkq"fgn" cevq"
fg"kpvgtecodkq"*ogtecpec/ugtxkekq"ϖσ0"fkpgtq"q"gurgekg+0"
Gp" guvc" geqpqoc" ug" gpewgpvtc" vqfq" nq" ewcpvkÝecdng."
cswgnncu"cevkxkfcfgu"tgowpgtcfcu"oqpgvctkcogpvg"{1q" gp"
gurgekg."kpfgrgpfkgpvgogpvg"uk"guvcu"ug"tgcnk¦cp"q"pq."dclq"
χριτεριοσ δε λεγαλιδαδ5"g" kiwcnfcf0"Nc" rgtegrek„p" eqo¿p"
70"Nc"geqpqoc"oqpgvctkc"kpenw{g"nc" geqpqoc"uwdvgttƒpgc."uwogtikfc"q"vcodkfip"
fgpqokpcfc"geqpqoc"pgitc."guvc"ug"tgÝgtg"c"vqfcu"cswgnncu"vtcpuceekqpgu."pgiqekqu."
cewgtfqu"geqp„okequ" tgcnk¦cfqu" cn" kpvgtkqt" fgn" ogtecfq." dclq" ectcevgtuvkecu" fg"
kngicnkfcf0"Gp" nc"geqpqoc"uwdvgttƒpgc" ug"gpewgpvtc" gn"ÐdncpswgqÑ" fg"fkpgtq." nc"
gxcuk„p"fg"korwguvqu."nqu"uqdqtpqu."gn"eqpvtcdcpfq"{"nc"rktcvgtc0"Gn"jgejq"fg"swg"
guvg"vkrq"fg"vtcpuceekqpgu"ug"tgcnkeg"kngicnogpvg."pq"ukipkÝec"swg"pq"guvfip"fgpvtq"
fgn"ogtecfq."{c"swg"ugpeknncogpvg"ukiwgp"ukgpfq"fkpgtq"gp" ektewncek„p."rqt"vcpvq."
swg"ug"vkgpg"fg"nc"geqpqoc."ug"ektewpuetkdg"gp"nc"oc{qtc"
fg"nqu"ecuqu." c"nc" gzkuvgpekc"fg" dkgpgu"{"ugtxkekqu" swg"ug"
rtqfwegp"{" eqpuwogp."rqt" ogfkq"fgn" ogtecfq"{" itcekcu"
αλ δινερο.
Gn" owpfq" cevwcn" inqdcnk¦cfq" {" ecrkvcnkuvc" jc" igpgtcfq"
swg" itcp" rctvg" fg" ncu" rgtegrekqpgu" swg" ug" vkgpgp" eqp"
tgurgevq"c" nc" geqpqoc."nqu" ogtecfqu" {"nc" tkswg¦c." ugcp"
pgvcogpvg"fg"ectƒevgt" oqpgvctkq."vqfq"uwgng"fgvgtokpcug"
c"rctvkt" fg" ewƒpvq"ewguvc" guvg" q" cswgn"dkgp" q" ugtxkekq."{"
fg"ewƒpvq"ugtƒ"nc"icpcpekc"q"tgpfkokgpvq"swg" ug"cfswkgtg"
gp"wp"pgiqekq"q"vtcpuceek„p0"Htgewgpvgogpvg"ug"eqpukfgtc"
gn"oglqtcokgpvq" q" pq." fg" nc" ukvwcek„p" geqp„okec" fg" wp"
rcu."eqp" dcug"gp" kpfkecfqtgu."swg" rtgxkcogpvg"jcp" ukfq"
cnkogpvcfqu" fg" fcvqu" {" guvcfuvkecu." swg" tguwnvcp" fg" ncu"
ρελαχιονεσ µονεταριασ ψ προδυχτιϖασ δε λα εχονοµα; δε
jgejq." pq" gu" wp" ugetgvq" swg." gp" nc" oc{qt" rctvg" fg" nqu"
ecuqu." ncu" rqnvkecu" r¿dnkecu" fg" ectƒevgt" geqp„okeq." ug"
vqocp"dclq"gn"cpƒnkuku"fg"guvqu"fcvqu0
Χαµβιο δε περχεπχι⌠ν
Ncu" vgpfgpekcu" guvƒp" ecodkcpfq." crctgegp" ecfc" xg¦"
oƒu" rgtuqpcu" kpvgtgucfcu" gp" qdugtxct" oƒu" cnnƒ" fg" nq"
ewcpvkÝecdng" {" eqpvcdng0" Geqpqokuvcu" eqoq" Ocphtgf"
Ocz/Pggh."Coctv{c"Ugp"{"Jc¦gn"Jcpfgtuqp."gn"uqek„nqiq"
Cnxkp"VqhÞgt."{"gn"eqowpkecfqt"uqekcn"Fqp"Vcrueqv."gpvtg"
qvtqu." jcp" nqitcfq" vtcurcuct" nc" xkuk„p" geqpqokekuvc0"Cn"
kpvgtkqt"fg" uwu" vgqtcu."eqpukfgtcp" cn" jqodtg" eqoq"cniq"
oƒu"swg" wp" ugt"geqp„okeq=" wdkeƒpfqnq" eqoq"wp" cigpvg"
cevkxq" gp" nc" eqpuvtweek„p" kpvgitcn" fg" uqekgfcf." fg" guvc"
hqtoc."gu" ukvwcfq" gp" nc" rtkogtc" guecnc" fg" rtqvciqpkuoq"
fgn"fgucttqnnq."tkswg¦c"{"uquvgpkokgpvq"fg"nc"okuoc0"
Guvqu" cwvqtgu." c" rctvkt" fg" uwu" rncpvgcokgpvqu." nncocp"
cn" fgurqlq" fg" cswgnncu" xkukqpgu" {" etkvgtkqu" oqpgvctkqu."
wvknkvctkuvcu"{"ecrkvcnkuvcu"{"c"nc"jqtc"fg"cpcnk¦ct"gn"guegpctkq"
geqp„okeq=" rqt" gn" eqpvtctkq." guvkowncp" c" tgcnk¦ct" wpc"
qdugtxcek„p"geqp„okec." c"rctvkt" fg"qvtq" vkrq"fg" etkvgtkqu"
eqoq" nc" jwocpkfcf." ekwfcfcpc." coqt." eqncdqtcek„p."
eqpekgpekc."ectkfcf"g"kpenwuq"cnvtwkuoq0
Guvcu" pwgxcu" eqttkgpvgu" fg" rgpucokgpvq." jcp" jgejq"
wp" nncocfq" c" nqu" geqpqokuvcu." c" gswkrct" gn" cpƒnkuku" fg"
guvcu" xctkcdngu" pq" geqp„okecu0" Nqu" itcpfgu" rgpucfqtgu"
geqp„okequ" fg" nc" jkuvqtkc" jcp" guvwfkcfq" c" vtcxfiu" fgn"
vkgorq" xctkcdngu" eqoq" gn" fgugorngq" {" nc" kpÞcek„p." {"
φορµαν παρτε δε λα εχονοµα µονεταρια.
95
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
ukp" godctiq." guvcu" ukiwgp" gzkuvkgpfq" g" kpswkgvcpfq" c"
nqu" okpkuvtqu" fg" jcekgpfc." ncu" fktgevkxcu" fg" ncu" dcpecu"
χεντραλεσ ψ εν γενεραλ α λοσ γοβιερνοσ δε χαδα πασ.
Αλγυνοσ ιντερρογαντεσ
½Gu" rqukdng" swg" pq" ug" jc{c" cpcnk¦cfq" vqfcu" ncu"
xctkcdngu"swg" kpÞw{gp" gp" nc"geqpqocA." ½swk¦ƒ" cswgnncu"
xctkcdngu" ocetqgeqp„okecu" vcp" guvwfkcfcu" {" swg" jcp"
ukfq" fgpqokpcfcu" gp" gn" ctiqv" geqp„okeq" Ðgn" eƒpegt"
fg" ncu" geqpqocuÑ." rqftcp" eqogp¦ct" c" rtgugpvct" gn"
eqorqtvcokgpvq" fgugcfq." gp" nc" ogfkfc" gp" swg" ug"
kpenw{cp"eqp"oc{qt"hwgt¦c"gp"nqu"cpƒnkuku."qvtcu"fg"vkrq"pq"
geqp„okeqA."½ug"rqftcp"nngict"c"fgÝpkt"guvcu"qvtcu."eqoq"
ncu"xctkcdngu"rtqhwpfcu"fg"nc"geqpqocA"
Λα δενοµιναδα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε
(προσυµο)
Εσ περτινεντε kpfcict"qvtq"vkrq"fg"guegpctkqu"swg"rgtokvcp"
kfgpvkÝect" pwgxcu" tgcnkfcfgu." gp" ncu" ewcngu" ug" vgpic" nc"
qrqtvwpkfcf" fg" nqecnk¦ct" qvtqu" gngogpvqu." swg" rwgfcp"
nngxct" c" wpc" eqpukfgtcek„p" {" rgtegrek„p" oƒu" cornkc"
fg" nc" geqpqoc" {" pq" uqncogpvg" guvcfuvkec." oqpgvctkc"
{" Ýpcpekgtc0" Nc" fgpqokpcfc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng" q"
rtquwokuvc." pqu" dtkpfc" guvc qrqtvwpkfcf." cn" rgtokvktpqu"
gzrnqtct"gp"guvqu"ecorqu."swg"ug"ektewpuetkdgp"cn"octigp"
fg" ncu" xctkcdngu" eqpxgpekqpcngu" eqoq" rtqfweek„p" {"
eqpuwoq."ukp"fgueqpqegtncu"gp"uw"gugpekc."rqtswg cfgoƒu"
fg"gnnq." ncu" wpkÝec" c" rc tvkt" fg" etkvgtkqu" {" ectcevgtuvkecu"
διφερεντεσ.
Λα εχονοµα γλοβαλιζαδα
Nc"oc{qtc"fg"nqu"rcugu"fgn"owpfq"ug"tkigp"cevwcnogpvg"
rqt" nc" geqpqoc" fg" ogtecfq=" guvg" ukuvgoc" jc" nqitcfq"
wpkhqtoct" nqu" rtqeguqu" {." itcekcu" c" gnnq." ug" uwuvgpvc"
vfiepkecogpvg"nc"inqdcnk¦cek„p."ncu"vtcpuceekqpgu"fg"dkgpgu"
{"ugtxkekqu" gp" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu" ogtecfqu." jcekgpfq" swg" gn"
owpfq" guvfi" geqp„okecogpvg" eqpgevcfq0" Ncu" itcpfgu"
cevkxkfcfgu"dƒukec."swg"jcegp"swg"guvg"ukuvgoc"geqp„okeq"
gzkuvc" uqp" gp" gugpekc
gnncu"fkheknogpvg"ug"rqftc"kocikpct"wpc"xkfc"geqp„okec0"
Gn" rtquwoq" gu" wp" vfitokpq" cew‚cfq" gp" nqu" c‚qu" :2."
rctc" fguetkdkt" vqfcu" cswgnncu" cevkxkfcfgu" rtqfwekfcu"
{" eqpuwokfcu" rqt" wp" okuoq" cigpvg" geqp„okeq." ukp"
godctiq."gu"korqtvcpvg" eqortgpfgt"swg" guvg"vfitokpq"pq"
fkxkfg"ncu"xctkcdngu."fg"jgejq."ncu"hwukqpc"rctc"igpgtct"wp"
pwgxq"ukipkÝecfq"c"rctvkt"fg"nc"gugpekc"fg"ecfc"wpc0"
↵Τοδο εσ προδυχχι⌠ν ψ χονσυµο?
½Vqfcu"ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"swg"ug"tgcnk¦cp"gp"nc"geqpqoc"guvƒp"
fgnkokvcfcu" dƒukecogpvg" rqt" nc" rtqfweek„p" fg" dkgpgu" {"
ugtxkekqu"q"gn"eqpuwoq"fg" nqu"okuoqu="rqt"nqu"ogtecfqu."
ncu" icpcpekcu" {" ncu" vtcuhgtgpekcu" oqpgvctkcuA." ½ug"
ενχυεντρα pwguvtc"cevkxkfcf"geqp„okec"uwlgvc"¿pkecogpvg"
c"vqfq"cswgnnq"swg" ug"eqortc"{" xgpfg"gp"nqu"ogtecfqu" {"
itcekcu"cn" fkpgtqA." ½gzkuvgp" cevkxkfcfgu" swg" pcfc" vkgpgp"
swg"xgt"eqp"gn"fkpgtq."nc"rtqfweek„p"*qhgtvc+"{"gn"eqpuwoq"
*fgocpfc+."rgtq"jcegp"rctvg"korqtvcpvg"fg"nc"geqpqocA6."
½gzkuvgp"cevkxkfcfgu"swg"tgcnk¦coqu"q" rqftcoqu"tgcnk¦ct"
htgewgpvgogpvg" gp" pwguvtc" xkfc" eqvkfkcpc" {" swg" guvƒp"
rtgugpvgu"gp" nc" geqpqoc." kpenwuq"gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg"nc"
uqekgfcf." uqnq" swg" ukp" rcuct" rqt" gn" ukuvgoc" geqp„okeq"
eqpxgpekqpcnA" Rctc" fct" tgurwguvc" c" guvqu" kpvgttqicpvgu"
σε ενχυεντρα λα εχονοµα οχυλτα ο ινϖισιβλε. Εν ελλα σε
eqplwicp" ncu" ceekqpgu" fg" rtqfweek„p" {" eqpuwoq" gp" wp"
okuoq"cigpvg."guvc" geqpqoc"pq"gu" fg"rtqfweek„p."pk" fg"
eqpuwoq."gu"fg"codcu."gu"fgekt."fg"προσυµο.
80" " Kpuwoqu" rctc" gn" rtquwoq
rtquwoq."c"rguct"fg"pq"ugt"tgikuvtcfcu"gp"nc"geqpqoc"oqpgvctkc."cniwpcu"fg"gnncu"
tgswkgtgp"kpuwoqu"q"ocvgtkcu"rtkocu"rctc"fgucttqnnctncu."nqu"ewcngu" ghgevkxcogpvg"
uk"ug"vtcpucp" gp"gn"ogtecfq0" Rqt"vcpvq."ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"swg"tgswkgtgp" fg"gnnq."uqp"
fgvgtokpcfcu"fg"rtquwoq."gp"nc"ogfkfc"gp"swg"ug"tgcnk¦c"wp"ugtxkekq"q"rtqfweek„p"
swg"pq" ug" vtcpuc" gp" gn" ogtecfq." c" rctvkt" fg" nc" wvknk¦cek„p" fg" fkejqu" gngogpvqu0"
*Glgornq
Gn"dgpgÝekq"fg"nc"geqpqoc"kpxkukdng"
Nc"xkfc"eqvkfkcpc"guvƒ"rgtogcfc"gp"oc{qt"q"ogpqt"ogfkfc"
rqt" guvc" geqpqoc=" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu" swg" rwgfgp" rctgegt"
pqtocngu." vtcuekgpfgp" nc" eqvkfkcpkfcf" rqtswg" pq" uqnq"
igpgtcp"fkhgtgpvgu" dgpgÝek qu." eqngevkxqu" g" kpfkxkfwcngu."
rtgekucogpvg" rqt" nc" pcvwtcng¦c" fg" uwu" xctkcdngu." ukpq"
swg" cfgoƒu." pq" tgrtgugpvcp" wpc" fkuokpwek„p" gp" nc"
tgpvc"fkurqpkdng" fg" swkgp"nc" tgcnk¦c=" kpenwuq."gp" cniwpqu"
ecuqu" nc" kpetgogpvc." {c" swg" ekgtvcu" cevkxkfcfgu" fg"
guvg" vkrq." uwuvkvw{gp" qvtcu." swg" gp" gn" guegpctkq" fg" nc"
geqpqoc"eqpxgpekqpcn." jcdtcp" vgpkfq" swg"ugt" rcicfcu"
ο ρεµυνεραδασ.
96 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Ελ προσυµο
Cnxkp"{"Jgkfk"VqhÞgt"*3;:2+."gp"uw"nkdtq"Λα τερχερα ολα9 ψ
ρετοµαδο εν λα Ρεϖολυχι⌠ν δε λα ριθυεζα"*4228+." fgÝpgp"
guvg"eqpegrvq."cew‚cpfq"wp"pwgxq"vfitokpq"swg" fc"ewgpvc"
fg" nc" kpvgtceek„p" gpvtg" nqu" eqpegrvqu" fg" rtqfweek„p" {"
eqpuwoq0"Gn"pwgxq"xqecdnq"pq"ug"tgÝgtg" ¿pkecogpvg"c"nc"
wpk„p"fg"ncu"fqu"ceekqpgu"geqp„okecu."rqt"gn"eqpvtctkq."gp"
λ σε ινχλυψε υνα σεριε δε χονσιδεραχιονεσ ψ χαραχτερστιχασ
swg"nq"gzrnkecp"{"fcp"ugpvkfq"*xgt"Ýiwtc"3+0
Φιγυρα 1" Gvkoqnqic" fg" nc" rcncdtc" rtquwoq" *Qtvgi„p."
4233<49+"
Cnxkp" VqhÞgt" fgpqokpc" rtquwoq" c" vqfq" cswgn" dkgp."
ugtxkekq."cevkxkfcf" q"gzrgtkgpekc" rtqfwekfc"{" eqpuwokfc"
rqt"wp"okuoq"cigpvg."kpfkxkfwq"q"eqngevkxq."rctc"dgpgÝekq"
rtqrkq"q" fg"qvtq*u+." fgrgpfkgpfq"uk"ug" tgÝgtg"c" rtquwoq"
kpfkxkfwcn"q"eqngevkxq."ukp"tgcnk¦ctug"gp"gn"vtcuewtuq"fg"guvg"
rtqeguq."wpc"vtcpuceek„p"fg"vkrq"geqp„okeq"cn"kpvgtkqt"fgn"
ogtecfq"*xgt"Ýiwtc"4+0"
Φιγυρα 20"Ectcevgtuvkecu"fgn"Rtquwoq"*Qtvgi„p."4233<49+"
90"Nc"vgtegtc" qnc"ug"tgÝgtg" cn"cevwcn"g" korgtcpvg"ukuvgoc"fg" tkswg¦c"dcucfq"gp" gn"
eqpqekokgpvq"*Kpvgtpgv+."gn"ewcn"ug"eqorngogpvc" eqp"nqu"ukuvgocu"fg"nc" rtkogtc"{"
ugiwpfc"qnc."nc"citkewnvwtc"{"nc"kpfwuvtkc"tgurgevkxcogpvg0"
Λασ αχτιϖιδαδεσ προσυµιστασ
Gn"rtquwoq"gu"nq"swg"crtqxgejc"gn"uwrgtogtecfq."ewcpfq"
gp" nwict" fg" xgpfgfqtgu" wvknk¦c" cn" rtqrkq" enkgpvg." q" ncu"
εσταχιονεσ δε σερϖιχιο δονδε υνο µισµο σε αβαστεχε λα
icuqnkpc."nqu" eclgtqu"cwvqoƒvkequ" {"nqu" fkurgpucfqtgu" fg"
rtqfwevqu."gp"guvqu"ecuqu"gn"eqpuwokfqt"cuwog"vcodkfip"gn"
παπελ δε προδυχτορ δελ σερϖιχιο δε ϖεντα.
Gn" rcftg" swg" cttginc" gn" lctfp." nc" ocftg" swg" qtfgpc" nc"
ecuc"{"ewkfc"fg"uwu"jklqu." cfgoƒu"swg"nqu"gfwec"{"gpug‚c"
c" xkxkt" gp" uqekgfcf." rtgrctcpfq" cu." nc" hwvwtc" hwgt¦c" fg"
vtcdclq=" ncu" rgtuqpcu" swg" hqtocp" rctvg" fg" wp" itwrq" fg"
xqnwpvctkqu." cswgnnc" rgtuqpc" swg" ewkfc" gp" ecuc" fg" uw"
hcoknkct"gphgtoq." ewcpfq"ug" ukgodtcp"ƒtdqngu." cn"crcict"
ελ ιντερρυπτορ πενσανδο εν ελ χαλενταµιεντο γλοβαλ ο βιεν
gp"gn" cjqttq" fg" nc" hcevwtc" fg" eqdtq" ogpuwcn." ewcpfq" ug"
etgc" rqguc." o¿ukec" q" ug" rkpvc" wp" ewcftq." cn" tgekenct."
ewcpfq"ug"gu"rctvg"fgn"eqtq"fg"nc"kingukc."jcegt"tgeqngevcu"q"
dcuctgu"rctc"ncu"ecwucu"jwocpkvctkcu."nc"hqtoc"kpvgnkigpvg"
fg"eqortct."fqpfg" ug"crtqxgejcp"ewrqpgu" {"fguewgpvqu."
nc"tgeqogpfcek„p"fg"rtqfwevqu."gn"cwvqugtxkekq="vqfq"gnnq."
rqt"glgornq."uqp"cevkxkfcfgu"rtquwokuvcu0
Εστασ αχτιϖιδαδεσ φορµαν παρτε δε λα εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε ψ
uwu"cigpvgu"ug"fgpqokpcp"RtquwokfqtguÑ0"Guvg" ugiogpvq"
geqp„okeq"gu"vcp"itcpfg"g"korqtvcpvg"eqoq"gn"oqpgvctkq."
rqtswg" eqpvtkdw{g" gn" rtkogtq" rctc" gn" uquvgpkokgpvq"
εφεχτιϖο δελ σεγυνδο.
½Rwgfg"cniwkgp" kocikpct" wpc" geqpqoc" hwpekqpcn." {"
owejq"ogpqu"nc"rtqfwevkxkfcf"fg"nc"geqpqoc"xkukdng."
ukp"vtcdclcfqtgu"c"nqu" swg"ug"ngu"jc{c" gpug‚cfq"fgufg"
pk‚qu"c"xguvktug."jcdnct."vtcdclct"gp"itwrq"{"vqfq"cswgnnq"
swg"kornkec"nqu"rtqeguqu"fg"uqekcnk¦cek„pA"½Swfi"ugtc"
fg"nc"rtqfwevkxkfcf"fg"nc"geqpqoc"oqpgvctkc."ukp"swg"
nqu"vtcdclcfqtgu"swg"nngictcp"c"gnnc."ectgekgtcp"kpenwuq"
fg"guvcu"opkocu" jcdknkfcfguA"Guvq" gu"rtqfwekfq" rqt"
nc"geqpqoc"kpxkukdng0"*VqhÞgt"{"VqhÞgt."4228
Λα εχονοµα ψ ελ προσυµο
Nc"geqpqoc"oqpgvctkc"tgÞglc"¿pkecogpvg" nc"rtqfweek„p"
geqp„okec8" fg" wp" rcu=" rqt" vcpvq." guvc" gu" uqnq" wp"
:0" Rtqfweek„p" Geqp„okec
kpuvkvwekqpcn"swg" wvknk¦c"Ðkpuwoqu" fg"ocpq" fg"qdtc." ecrkvcn"{" dkgpgu"{" ugtxkekqu"
rctc"qdvgpgt"qvtqu"dkgpgu"{"ugtxkekquÑ"*Ukuvgoc"fg"Ewgpvcu"Pcekqpcngu+0"*Ocpmky"
4228<346+0
97
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
htciogpvq"fg"wp"ocrc"geqp„okeq"owejq"oƒu"itcpfg."gp"
gn"ewcn" ug"kpenw{g" nc"geqpqoc" fgn"rtquwoq0" Nc"fkxkuk„p"
fg"nc" geqpqoc" ugi¿p" VqhÞgt" gu" rtgugpvcfc" gp" nc" Ýiwtc"
5"*ugevqt" D Oqpgvctkc=" ugevqt"C
gpvqpegu."vqfq" nq" swg"ug" jceg" rctc" wuq"rtqrkq." gu" fgekt."
gn"wpkxgtuq" fg" nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng+" *VqhÞgt" {" VqhÞgt."
4228<443+0
Φιγυρα 30"Fkxkuk„p"fg"nc"geqpqoc0""*Qtvgi„p."4233<52+"
Nc"geqpqoc" pq" oqpgvctkc" k pvgtcev¿c" eqp" nc" oqpgvctkc."
fgurnc¦cpfq"nqu"dgpgÝekqu"fg"wp"ncfq"c"qvtq"c"vtcxfiu"fg"nqu"
rtquwokfqtgu0"Nc" geqpqoc"kpxkukdng" {" uwu"igpgtcfqtgu."
σον δε συµα ιµπορτανχια ταντο παρα ελ συστεντο δε λα
εχονοµα µονεταρια χοµο παρα ελ αϖανχε εν ελ χαµινο
jcekc"gn"fgucttqnnq0
Συπυεστοσ δελ προσυµο
Gn"ƒtgc" fg"ceek„p" fgn"rtquwoq" gu"nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng
Guvg" eqpvgzvq" vkgpg" uwu" rtqrkqu" cevqtgu." gnnqu" uqp" nqu"
rtquwokfqtgu." {" okgpvtcu" ug" wdkecp" gp" gn" guegpctkq" pq"
fgvgevcfq"fgn"rtquwoq."uwu"ceekqpgu" guvƒp"eqpfkekqpcfcu"
πορ φαχτορεσ µυψ διφερεντεσ α λοσ δε λα εχονοµα
eqpxgpekqpcn0"Nqu"rtquwokfqtgu"ug"vtcuncfcp"fg"wp"ncfq"c"
qvtq."ecodkcpfq"fg"rcrgn"gp"nc"geqpqoc."gp"qecukqpgu"uqp"
eqpuwokfqtgu"{1q"rtqfwevqtgu." fgucttqnncpfq"cevkxkfcfgu"
swg" ug" tkigp" c" rctvkt" fgn" ukuvgoc" oqpgvctkq" {" eqpvcdng"
fg"nc" geqpqoc="{" fg"wpc" ceek„p"c" qvtc."rcucp" c"kpvgitct"
gn" wpkxgtuq" rtquwokuvc." eqp" wp" uqnq" enke." eqp" qrtkokt"
wp"kpvgttwrvqt." eqp" wpc" ceek„p" q" cevkxkfcf" tgcnk¦cfc." fg"
tgrgpvg."guvƒp"fgn"qvtq" ncfq."kpekfkgpfq"gp" nc"geqpqoc"{"
ελ δεσαρρολλο δε φορµα ινϖισιβλε.
Ελ προσυµο εσ ιντερδεπενδιεντε χον λα εχονοµα ϖισιβλε:
Guvqu" fqu" ugevqtgu" guvƒp" uwlgvqu." rqt" vcpvq." wpq" pq"
gzkuvktc"ukp" gn"qvtq." ncu"cevkxkfcfgu" fgucttqnncfcu"rqt" nqu"
rtquwokfqtgu"gp"nc" geqpqoc"kpxkukdng." eworngp"rctc" uw"
rctcngnc." hwpekqpgu" eqjgukqpcfqtcu" {" fg" rtqfwevkxkfcf"
*VqhÞgt." 4228
eqorgvkvkxcu" uqp" rctc" nc" geqpqoc" xkukdng." nq" swg" ncu"
eqjgukqpcfqtcu" {" rtqfwevkxcu" uqp" rctc" nc" geqpqoc"
ινϖισιβλε.
Gn" rtquwokfqt" gu" wp" fkpcok¦cfqt" fg" nc" geqpqoc
Nc" rtgugpekc" fgn" rtquwokfqt" gu" kpfkurgpucdng" rctc" nc"
uqekgfcf"{"oƒu"ewcpfq"uwu"cevkxkfcfgu" guvƒp"gpoctecfcu"
εν λα µεϕορα δε λασ χονδιχιονεσ δελ ινδιϖιδυο ο χολεχτιϖο
swg"ncu"tgcnk¦c0"Gu"korqtvcpvg"cxcp¦ct"gp"gn"eqpqekokgpvq"
fg" guvg" wpkxgtuq" rctc" ucdgt" gp" swfi" oqogpvq" cevwcoqu"
χοµο χονσυµιδορεσ ψ/ο προδυχτορεσ βαϕο υνα ραχιοναλιδαδ
geqp„okec." {" gp" swfi" oqogpvq" pqu" fgurnc¦coqu" cn"
guegpctkq" rtquwokuvc." ecuk" ukgortg." dclq" qvtq" vkrq" fg"
nkpgcokgpvqu" swg" ug" gpewgpvtcp" nglqu" fg" wpc" ogfkek„p."
kpvgpek„p"q"oqvkxcek„p"geqp„okec"fg"nc"cevkxkfcf0"
Nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng" ug" wdkec" cn" octigp" fg" ncu"
ewgpvcu" pcekqpcngu
uqp" tgowpgtcfcu." rqt" vcpvq." pq" eqpvcdknk¦cfcu0" Guvcu"
cevkxkfcfgu." cn" pq" ugt" kpvgitcfcu" gp" ncu" guvcfuvkecu"
pcekqpcngu."guvƒp"igpgtcpfq"wpc"dtgejc" gpvtg"nc"tgcnkfcf."
nc" ukorng¦c" {" htkcnfcf" fg" nqu" kpfkecfqtgu" geqp„okequ0"
Uk" dkgp" gu" ekgtvq" swg" guvg" vkrq" fg" cevkxkfcfgu" rqt" uw"
pcvwtcng¦c"fg"pq"ogtecfq." uqp"fkhekngu"fg" ugt"fgvgevcfcu"
rqt"nc"geqpqoc."u"gu"korqtvcpvg"wpc"xg¦"cfgncpvcfqu"nqu"
guvwfkqu"swg"nc"gzrnkswgp"{"cpcnkegp"rtqhwpfcogpvg."etgct"
kpuvtwogpvqu" fg" ecrvwtc" swg" rwgfcp" nqitct" fgvgevctncu"
g" kpeqtrqtctncu" c" nqu" kpfkecfqtgu" fg" dkgpguvct" uqekcn."
fgucttqnnq"jwocpq."ecrkvcn"uqekcn."ekwfcfcpc."kppqxcek„p."
ctvg." ogfkqcodkgpvg" {" fg" etgekokgpvq0" Fg" kiwcn" hqtoc."
kpuvtwogpvqu"swg"ncu"hqogpvgp"{"guvkowngp0"
Εντρε λοσ πρινχιπαλεσ ινδιχαδορεσ δε βιενεσταρ σοχιαλ
ug"gpewgpvtc" gn" Dkgpguvct" Geqp„okeq" Pgvq" *D0G0P0+."
gn" pfkeg" fg" rtqitguq" uqekcn." gn" pfkeg" fg" fgucttqnnq"
jwocpq."nc" npgc"fg" rqdtg¦c."ncu" pgegukfcfgu"dƒukecu"
kpucvkuhgejcu" *P0D0K+0" Guvqu" fcp" ewgpvc" fg" nqu"
curgevqu" ewcnkvcvkxqu" {" fg" ncu" pgegukfcfgu" dƒukecu."
gp" eqpvtcrqukek„p" cn" R0K0D0."ew{q" fiphcuku" guvƒ" gp" nq"
geqp„okeq"{" oqpgvctkq0"Nc" kfgc"gu" uwuvkvwkt"gn" R0K0D0"
rqt"wp" kpfkecfqt"fg" fgucttqnnq"kpvgitcfq." fg" ectƒevgt"
uqekcn"vcn." swg" uwrgtg" nc" fkeqvqoc" jkuv„tkec" gpvtg" nq"
geqp„okeq"{"nq"uqekcn"c"nc"jqtc"fg"tgcnk¦ct"ogfkekqpgu"
{"qtkgpvct" gn"rtqeguq" fg" fgucttqnnq"jcekc" gn"dkgpguvct"
eqngevkxq"*Dqnvxkpm."3;;4<5+0
98 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Nc"itcp" nkokvcek„p"fgn" rtqfwevq" kpvgtpq"dtwvq" *RKD+"eqp"
tgurgevq"c" nc" rtgugpekc"fg" nc" geqpqoc"kpxkukdng." gu" swg"
guvg" vkgpg" wp" gphqswg" dcucfq" gp" nqu" dkgpgu" {" ugtxkekqu"
vtcpucfqu" gp" gn" ogtecfq" q" uwuegrvkdngu" fg" jcegtnq." gu"
fgekt."swg"uqnq" ecrvwtc"g" kpeqtrqtc"gp" fin"nq" eqpegtpkgpvg"
c"nc"fgpqokpcfc"rtqfweek„p"geqp„okec0"½Gzkuvg"gpvqpegu"
wpc"fkhgtgpekc"gpvtg"gn"xcnqt"geqp„okeq"{"gn"xcnqt"uqekcnA"
½Fg"ugt"guvq"cu."fkejc"fkhgtgpekc"gu"gp"wp"dwgp"rqtegpvclg"
itcekcu"c"nc"cevkxkfcf"fgn"rtquwokfqtA9
Gn"rtquwoq"crqtvc"cn"fgucttqnnq"{"dkgpguvct
δεσαρρολλαδασ πορ λοσ προσυµιδορεσ εν ελ µαρχο δε λα
geqpqoc" kpxkukdng" c{wfc" gurgeÝecogpvg" cn" dkgpguvct"
{" fgucttqnnq" fg" nqu" cigpvgu." kpfkxkfwqu" q" eqngevkxqu."
swg"ncu" tgcnk¦cp" {"igpgtcnogpvg" fg" nc"okuoc" hqtoc" c"nc"
uqekgfcf" gp" igpgtcn." ug" vtcvc" fg" cevkxkfcfgu" fg" ectƒevgt"
eqjgukqpcfqt."fg"ewkfcfqu." rtqvgeek„p."fgoqetcekc." ctvg."
kppqxcek„p."tgrtqfweek„p"fg"nc"hwgt¦c"fg"vtcdclq."ugi¿p"gn"
vkrq"fg"rtquwokfqt"gp"ewguvk„p0"
Ελ προσυµο περµεα τοδοσ λοσ σεχτορεσ δε λα εχονοµα:
Ugi¿p"gn"cwvqt"rcftg"fgn"eqpegrvq"*VqhÞgt."3;:2+."swkgpgu"
cew‚ctqp"gn" vfitokpq" jceg" vtgu" ffi ecfcu." guvg" ug" rtgugpvc"
gp" fkxgtuqu" ugevqtgu" fg" nc" geqpqoc." Guvcfq." gortguc."
hcoknkcu." kpuvkvwekqpgu." rqt" vcpvq." gu" korqtvcpvg" cxcp¦ct"
gp"gn" eqpqekokgpvq"fg" guvg" ecorq."gp" nc" ectcevgtk¦cek„p"
fg"fkejcu" cevkxkfcfgu."fg" uwu"cigpvgu" rtquwokfqtgu" {"uw"
eqpvgzvq"fg"ceek„p"*ugevqt"C+."fg"guvc"hqtoc." fkurqpgt"fg"
kphqtocek„p"rctc"nqitct"wp"oglqt"eqpqekokgpvq"cegtec"fg"
nc"korqtvcpekc" swg" vkgpg" guvc" gp" nc" geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc"
*ugevqt"D+" {"gurgekcnogpvg" nc"eqpvtkdwek„p" swg"gnnc" jceg"
gp"gn"nqitq"fg"cxcp¦ct"rqt"gn"ecokpq"jcekc"gn"vcp"fgugcfq"
δεσαρρολλο.
Τιποσ δε προσυµιδορεσ
Nqu" rtquwokfqtgu" eqogtekcnk¦cp" rtqfwevqu" {" ugtxkekqu."
cwp" ewcpfq" uw" vtcdclq" pq" gu" tgowpgtcfq." etgcp" xcnqt"
ewcpfq"cev¿cp" eqoq"xqnwpvctkqu=" cegngtcp"nc" kppqxcek„p"
αλ ρεχοµενδαρ µεϕορασ α λοσ προδυχτοσ ψ/ο δετεχταρ εν
gnnqu"korgthgeekqpgu."igpgtcp"{"vtcuncfcp"gn"eqpqekokgpvq"
{"ncu" vfiepkecu." vcodkfip" tgrtqfwegp" nc" hwgt¦c" fg" vtcdclq."
cfgoƒu"swg" nc" gfwecp" {" rtgrctcp" rctc" swg" jcicp" rctvg"
;0"Gp"gn" ukuvgoc"fg"ewgpvcu" pcekqpcngu"pq"ug" eqpukfgtc"nc"rtqfweek„p" geqp„okec"
{"nqu"ugtxkekqu"rtguvcfqu" rqt"nqu"okgodtqu" fgn"jqict"rctc"uw" rtqrkq"eqpuwoq."gn"
ewkfcfq"fg"nqu"pk‚qu." fg"nqu"gphgtoqu." nc"rtgrctcek„p"fg"ncu" eqokfcu."nkorkg¦c"{"
ocpvgpkokgpvq"fg"nc" xkxkgpfc."gn" vtcurqtvg"fg"nc" hcoknkc"gp" uw"rtqrkq"cwvqo„xkn."
gve0"Cwpswg" gp" nc" oc{qtc" fg" nqu" rcugu" ug" fgfkec" wpc" rctvg" korqtvcpvg" fg" nc"
ocpq"fg"qdtc"{"fgn"guhwgt¦q"fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"c"nc"rtqfweek„p"fg"guvqu"ugtxkekqu." ug"
gzenw{gp"fg"nc"rtqfweek„p"geqp„okec"pcekqpcn"*Ocpmky."4229<347+0
fg" nc" rtqfweek„p" geqp„okec" {" nc" uqekgfcf" gp" igpgtcn"
*Dqecpgitc."422;+0
Αλ ρετοµαρ ελ εϕεµπλο δε λα αχτιϖιδαδ προσυµιστα ρεφερεντε
cn" rcftg" swg" cttginc" gn" lctfp." {" eqp" gnnq" ukipkÝect" nqu"
fkhgtgpvgu"gphqswgu" q" ecvgiqtcu" uwd{cegpvgu" swg" rwgfg"
nngict"c"vqoct"guvc"cevkxkfcf." gn"rcftg"fg"hcoknkc."pq" uqnq"
nq"jceg" rqt" fct" wpc" oglqt"crctkgpekc" xkukdng" fg" uw"ecuc"
{"c" nc"xc" r¿dnkec." {c"swg" uw"lctfp" eqnkpfc"eqp" nc" ecnng."
ecvgiqtc" uqekcn" {" codkgpvcn0" Vcodkfip" nq" jceg" rqtswg"
rqukdngogpvg"ng" rtqrqtekqpc" fkuvtceek„p." cnglcokgpvq" fg"
nc" twvkpc" *rgtuqpcn+" {" ugiwtcogpvg" ug" cjqttc" wpc" rctvg"
fg"uw"kpitguq" fkurqpkdng."cn"pq" rcict"c" wp"lctfkpgtq"rctc"
swg"tgcnkeg"guvc"cevkxkfcf."fg"guvc"hqtoc."fktgeekqpc"guvqu"
tgewtuqu" jcekc" qvtq" vkrq" fg" icuvqu" q" ugpeknncogpvg" nqu"
cjqttc"*geqp„okeq+0
Gn" rtquwokfqt" geqp„okeq
ectcevgtk¦cp" rqt" uw" hqtoc" kpvgnkigpvg" fg" kpvgtcevwct"
fgpvtq"{"hwgtc" fgn"ogtecfq0" Uw"ceek„p"ug" hwpfcogpvc"gp"
nc"d¿uswgfc" fg"gzegfgpvgu"geqp„okequ" tgrtgugpvcfqu"gp"
cjqttq."cfswkukek„p"fg"rtqfwevqu"q"dgpgÝekqu"cfkekqpcngu0"
Rtqrqtekqpc" gzegfgpvgu" geqp„okequ" c" nc" geqpqoc" fg"
hqtoc" eqpuekgpvg" q" kpeqpuekgpvgogpvg." rctc" u" okuoq."
rctc"qvtqu" {1q"rqt"eqceek„p" fg"vgtegtqu0" Cevkxkfcfgu"swg"
tgcnk¦c
okuoq."ugtxkekqu"rtqrkqu."cwvqrtqfweek„p."cwvqeqpuwoq."
χονσυµο ιντελιγεντε.
Gn" rtquwokfqt" uqekcn
cevkxkfcfgu"uqekcnogpvg"eqjgukqpcfqtcu0"Uwu"rtgvgpukqpgu"
uqp"rtqrgpfgt"rqt"gn"nqitq"fg"dgpgÝekqu"eqngevkxqu"{"c{wfc"
c"ncu" rgtuqpcu."dclq" etkvgtkqu"fg" tgurqpucdknkfcf"uqekcn" {"
cnvtwkuoq="uw"ncdqt"guvƒ"gpoctecfc"gp"nc"eqpvtkdwek„p"c"nc"
εστρυχτυρα σοχιαλ δε λα σοχιεδαδ.
Cevkxkfcfgu"swg"tgcnk¦cxqnwpvctkcfq."ewkfcfqu."eqpuqnkfcek„p."
eqncdqtcek„p."tgrtqfweek„p."c{wfc"dkncvgtcn0"
Rtquwokfqt" ewnvwtcn
nc" ewnvwtc" fg" wp" vgttkvqtkq." rqt" vcpvq." nc" rtqowgxgp."
gptkswgegp." rtqoqekqpcp." vtcuokvgp" {" eqpugtxcp."
c" vtcxfiu" fg" uwu" cevkxkfcfgu0" Ug" ectcevgtk¦cp" rqt" uw"
ugpvkfq" fg" rgtvgpgpekc." vcngpvq." rcvtkqvkuoq" {" wp" dwgp"
χοµπορταµιεντο εν συ ϖιδα χοτιδιανα αλ ιντεριορ δε λα
σοχιεδαδ.
99
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Cevkxkfcfgu" swg" tgcnk¦c
rcvtkoqpkqu."ctvg."o¿ukec."dwgpcu"eqpfwevcu0"
Προσυµιδορ πολτιχο: Χιυδαδανοσ χοµπροµετιδοσ χον λα
xkikncpekc"{"eqpvtqn"fg"nc" cevkxkfcf"r¿dnkec0"Hqtvcngegp"nc"
fgoqetcekc"c" vtcxfiu"fg" uwu" cevkxkfcfgu"fg" rctvkekrcek„p."
ictcpvk¦cpfq" nc" ghgevkxkfcf" gp" gn" ewornkokgpvq" fg" ncu"
hwpekqpgu" uqekcngu." rqt" rctvg" fgn" Guvcfq0" Uqp" rgtuqpcu"
eqp" eqpekgpekc" rqnvkec" {" gngevqtcn." dwuecp" c" vtcxfiu" fg"
uwu" ceekqpgu" ictcpvk¦ct" gn" kpvgtfiu" igpgtcn" cpvgu" swg"
gn" kpfkxkfwcn0" Cevkxkfcfgu" swg" tgcnk¦c Rctvkekrcek„p"
ekwfcfcpc."xqvq" fg" eqpekgpekc." eqpvtqn"uqekcn." vtcdclq" cn"
Εσταδο.
Rtquwokfqt" codkgpvcn fg" nc"
νεχεσιδαδ δε χονσερϖαρ ψ µαντενερ λοσ ρεχυρσοσ νατυραλεσ.
Ug" ectcevgtk¦cp" rqtswg" tgcnk¦cp" uwu" cevkxkfcfgu" eqp"
dcug" gp" wpc" eqpekgpekc" codkgpvcn." fg" uquvgpkdknkfcf."
tgkpvgitcek„p"{"tcekqpcnk¦cek„p0
Cevkxkfcfgu" swg" tgcnk¦c
tgewtuqu." ukgodtc" fg" ƒtdqngu." rtqfweek„p" nkorkc." oketq"
tgeqngeek„p"fg"dcuwtc."ewkfcfq"cn"ogfkqcodkgpvg0"
Rtquwokfqt" vgepqn„ikeq" ekgpvÝeq
tgcnk¦cp"uwu" cevkxkfcfgu"c" vtcxfiu" {"itcekcu" c" nqu"cxcpegu"
vgepqn„ikequ." ug" oqxknk¦cp" gp" codkgpvgu" gngevt„pkequ"
{" xktvwcngu0" Ug" ectcevgtk¦cp" rqt" vtcuokvkt" {" rgtekdkt"
kphqtocek„p"c" vtcxfiu"fg" nc"tgf." fg"guvc" hqtoc." cfswkgtgp"
eqpqekokgpvqu"{" nqu" eqorctvgp0" Cegngtcp" nc" kppqxcek„p"
γραχιασ α συσ ρεχοµενδαχιονεσ ψ απορτεσ.
Cevkxkfcfgu" swg" tgcnk¦c {" vtcuncfq" fg"
vfiepkecu." hqtoc" kpvgnkigpvg" fg" eqortct." cwvqrtqfweek„p"
vgepqn„ikec."fgoqetcvk¦cek„p"fg" nc"kphqtocek„p."ewkfcfq"
δε λα σαλυδ.
Ινχιδενχια δελ προσυµο εν ελ δεσαρρολλο
Gu" enctq" swg" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" wpc" uqekgfcf" pq" guvƒ"
fgvgtokpcfq"rtgekucogpvg"rqt"wp"uqnq"kpfkecfqt."fg"jgejq."
vcorqeq"nq" guvƒ"rqt" vqfqu"gnnqu." rqt" vcpvq."gn" fgucttqnnq."
kpeqtrqtc"gp" u" okuoq." xctkcdngu" {" hcevqtgu" swg" pq" uqp"
ogfkdngu0" Nqu" vtcfkekqpcngu" kpfkecfqtgu" {" guvcfuvkecu"
swg" igpgtcnogpvg" uqp" wvknk¦cfqu" rqt" ncu" cwvqtkfcfgu"
gpecticfcu" fg" fkevcokpct" gn" fgucttqnnq" geqp„okeq" fg"
wp" vgttkvqtkq." fglcp" fg" ncfq" xctkcdngu" korqtvcpvgu" rctc"
tgÞglct"kpvgitcnogpvg"guvc"ukvwcek„p"gp"nc"uqekgfcf="eqoq"
nqu" xcnqtgu." nc" fivkec." gn" fc‚q" codkgpvcn" {" rqt" uwrwguvq."
nc" geqpqoc" kpxkukdng." swg" eqoq" ug" jc" rncpvgcfq"
cpvgtkqtogpvg." vkgpg" uqnq" wp" ectƒevgt" fg" kpxkukdknkfcf"
oqpgvctkc0"½Gzkuvg"wpc"dtgejc"gpvtg"gn"fgucttqnnq"tgcn"{"gn"
ecnewncfq."fgdkfq"c" nc"hcnvc"fg"kpeqtrqtcek„p" fg"guvg"vkrq"
fg"xctkcdnguA
∆ισχυσι⌠ν δε ρεσυλταδοσ
↵Χ⌠µο σερα ελ µυνδο σιν ελ προσυµο?
½E„oq"ugtc"gn"owpfq"uk"nqu"rcftgu"pq"ug"tgurqpucdknk¦cu"
gp"fg"gfwect"c"uwu"jklqu."uk"nqu"ekwfcfcpqu"pq"tgekenctcp."q"
pq"ug"eqncdqtctcp."ukp"gurgtct"pcfc"c"ecodkqA"
½["uk" pq" ug"ocpvwxkgugp" rƒikpcu" ygd"rctc" swg" qvtqu" ug"
kphqtoctcp"{"hqtoctcpA" ½Pq"ugtc" gn"owpfq" owejq"oƒu"
rqdtg" ukp" Ykmkrgfkc." ukp" ekgpvqu" fg" okngu" fg" rƒikpcu"
ygd." dnqiu." hqtqu" {" rtqitcocu" etgcfqu." ocpvgpkfqu" {"
fgucttqnncfqu"rctc"swg"owejcu" rgtuqpcu"nqu"wvknkegp"rctc"
oglqtct" uw" xkfc" ncdqtcn." hcoknkct."ugpvkogpvcn." rgtuqpcn."
cecffiokec."vfiepkec."hukec"{"goqekqpcnA
"½E„oq"ugtc"pwguvtc"uqekgfcf"ukp"nc"rtgugpekc"fg"Ofifkequ"
fgn" Owpfq." Kpvgto„p" Qzhco."Cfgpc." Itggprgceg" {" ncu"
okngu" fg" QPI" {" hwpfcekqpgu" swg" ug" pwvtgp" fgn" vtcdclq"
fg"oknnqpgu" fg" xqnwpvctkquA." ½q" ukp" gn" etgekgpvg" p¿ogtq"
fg"ekwfcfcpqu"swg" cfswkgtgp"eqejgu" jdtkfqu."oƒu"ectqu"
rgtq"ogpqu"eqpvcokpcpvgu."q"swg"kpuvcncp"rcpgngu"uqnctgu."
cuncp" uwu" ecucu" q" ukorngogpvg" cjqttcp" gpgtic" {" ciwc"
χον σολο οπριµιρ υν ιντερρυπτορ ο χερραρ λα λλαϖε χυανδο
gu"kppgeguctkqA." ½ukp"vqfqu" cswgnnqu" rkpvqtgu."guewnvqtgu."
guetkvqtgu." cevqtgu" cÝekqpcfqu" swg." gp" uwu" tcvqu" nkdtgu"
cwogpvcp" gn" rcvtkoqpkq" ctvuvkeq" fg" nc" jwocpkfcfA."
½ewƒpvq" ewguvc" nc" eqjguk„p" uqekcn." nc" eqortgpuk„p."
nqu" dwgpqu" eqorqtvcokgpvquA." ½ewƒpvq" crqtvc" gnnq" cn"
owpfqA"Nc"tkswg¦c"pq"gu"uqnq"geqp„okec"{"owejq"ogpqu"
µονεταρια.
Nc"uwoc" fg"vqfcu" guvcu"ceekqpgu" vkgpgp"wp" itcp"korcevq"
gp"nc"uqekgfcf."cn"tgcnk¦ctncu"uqoqu"tgurqpucdngu"ecfc"wpq"
δε νοσοτροσ: λοσ προσυµιδορεσ δελ δεσαρρολλο. Αλλ δονδε
nc" geqpqoc" oqpgvctkc" xkukdng." gu" ngpvc" gp" cfcrvctug" c"
nqu" ecodkqu" {" cukipct" ghgevkxcogpvg" nqu" dgpgÝekqu." nc"
εχονοµα προσυµιστα ινϖισιβλε λοσ αδοπτα ψ λοσ ασιγνα
ρεσπεχτιϖαµεντε χον ϖελοχιδαδ.
Nc"geqpqoc" pq" oqpgvctkc" kpvgtcev¿c" eqp" nc" oqpgvctkc."
fgurnc¦cpfq" gn" xcnqt" fg" wp" ncfq" c" qvtq" c" vtcxfiu" fg" nqu"
100 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
rtquwokfqtgu0"Nc" geqpqoc"kpxkukdng" {" uwu"igpgtcfqtgu."
σον δε συµα ιµπορτανχια ταντο παρα ελ συστεντο δε λα
εχονοµα µονεταρια χοµο παρα ελ αϖανχε εν ελ χαµινο
jcekc"gn"fgucttqnnq0"Gp" nc"ogfkfc"gp"swg"ug" rqvgpekcnkegp"
nqu" csw" fgpqokpcfqu" rtquwokfqtgu" fgn" fgucttqnnq."
ug" nqitctƒ" wp" pqvqtkq" oglqtcokgpvq" gp" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu"
pkxgngu"fg" cswgnnqu" kpfkecfqtgu" swg" okfgp" gn" fgucttqnnq"
geqp„okeq0"
Nc" etgcvkxkfcf" g" kocikpcek„p" jwocpcu" uqp" nqu"
ρεχυρσοσ ϖερδαδεραµεντε ιναγοταβλεσ εν νυεστρασ
pwgxcu"gewcekqpgu."nkokvcfqu"uqnq"rqt"gn"ecrkvcn"uqekcn"
swg"ug"kpxkgtvg"gp"fgucttqnnct"ekwfcfcpqu"{"ekwfcfcpcu"
fgurkgtvcu" {" tgurqpucdngu." ew{cu" crvkvwfgu" rqftƒp"
eqpvtkdwkt"c"wpc"pwgxc" gxqnwek„p"fg"uwu" uqekgfcfgu"{"
fg"nc" jwocpkfcf" gp" pwguvtc" gtc" fg" kpvgtfgrgpfgpekc"
inqdcn"*Jgpfgtuqp."3;;;
C"rctvkt" fg" nc" gzkuvgpekc" fg" cuqekcekqpgu" fg" cwvqc{wfc"
eqoq" cneqj„nkequ" cp„pkoqu." egpvtqu" fg" tgjcdknkvcek„p"
fg"ftqicfkevqu"½Vkgpgp"ukgortg"ugpvkfq" nqu"eqpegrvqu"fg"
uqngfcf"{"fgucoqtA."½vkgpg"ukgortg"ugpvkfq"gn"fgurknhcttq"
dwtqetƒvkeq."uk"nc"igpvg"rwgfg"c{wfctug"c"u" okuoc."eqoq"
nq"jceg" gn"rtquwokfqt" swg" ewkfc"uw" ucnwfA"Ncu" rgtuqpcu"
swg"vtcdclcp"rctc"gn"ugevqt"fgn"rtquwoq."uqp"vcp"pgeguctkcu"
eqoq"ncu"swg" nq"jcegp" rctc"nqu"ogtecfqu" oqpgvctkqu0"Gn"
παχιεντε εσ ιµπρεσχινδιβλε εν λα ταρεα µδιχα δε ρεδυχιρ
uw"qdgukfcf"q"nc"cfkeek„p"cn"vcdceq."{"nqu"rcftgu"pq"rqftƒp"
pwpec" ugt" gzenwkfqu" fg" nqu" rtqdngocu" gfwecekqpcngu" fg"
uwu"jklqu0"
Χονχλυσιονεσ
Προσυµο: ↵σιν⌠νιµο
δε εχονοµα
ινϖισιβλε?
Pq" vqfq" nq" geqp„okeq" gu" oqpgvctkq." rqt" vcpvq." gn"
τρµινο εχονοµα ινϖισιβλε σε δεβε αϕυσταρ α Ðgeqpqoc
µονεταριαµεντε ινϖισιβλεÑ. fgdkfq" c" swg" nc" dtgejc"
ug" gpewgpvtc" gp" nc" ewcpvkÝecek„p0" Nqu" rtquwokfqtgu"
cev¿cp"vqfq" gn" vkgorq."gp" uwu" fkhgtgpvgu"ƒtgcu." igpgtcp"
α χαδα σεγυνδο υν ϖαλορ α λα εχονοµα ψ αλ δεσαρρολλο
fg"nc" uqekgfcf. ελλο σε jceg ϖισιβλε εν βιενεσταρ δε λασ
περσονασ ψ συ χοµυνιδαδ ψ εν οχασιονεσ εν ελ χρεχιµιεντο
geqp„okeq="ukp" godctiq. gn"jgejq δε νο χονταρ χον λοσ
ινστρυµεντοσ swg περµιταν ewcpvkÝect εστε φραγµεντο
geqp„okeq."jceg"swg"nc"geqpqoc"eqpvkp¿g"guvcpfctk¦cfc"
εν υνοσ ινδιχαδορεσ ψ ρεσυλταδοσ swg νο µυεστραν
χοµπλεταµεντε λα ρεαλιδαδ geqp„okec." rqt" vcpvq. σε
ugiwktƒ οβσερϖανδο swg ινχλ υσο λοσ εχονοµιστασ ψ
gzrgtvqu oƒu νοταβλεσ τιενεν ταν ποχο fizkvq εν συσ
rtqp„uvkequ." cn" pq" vgpgt" cfgewcfcogpvg" gp" ewgpvc" gn"
rtquwoq."crq{ƒpfqug δεµασιαδο εν ewcpvkÝecekqpgu swg
λεσ χονδυχεν αλ ερρορ.
Λασ ϖαριαβλεσ
προφυνδασ
δε λα
εχονοµα
Nqu" geqpqokuvcu" vtcfkekqpcngu." swg" vkgpfgp" c" fglct" fg"
ncfq." rqt" kpvtcuegpfgpvg." gn" rtquwoq." uqnq" fgÝpgp" nc"
tgcnkfcf" c" rctvkt" fgn" xcnqt" geqp„okeq." eqoq" cniq" swg"
¿pkecogpvg" etgc" xcnqt" ewcpfq" gn" fkpgtq" ecodkc" fg"
ocpqu0" Nqu" geqpqokuvcu" uwgngp" ugpvctug" ukgortg." gp"
uwrgtÝekcnkfcfgu ewcpvkÝecdngu. δεϕανδο δε λαδο λασ
csw δενοµιναδασ ϖαριαβλεσ προφυνδασ δε λα geqpqoc."
ενχοντραδασ εν ελ htciogpvq"geqp„okeq" fgn" rtquwoq0"
Nc"rgtukuvgpekc" gp"gn" xcnqt" geqp„okeq."pqu" ekgic" htgpvg"
cn"kpokpgpvg" ftcoc" fgn"oc‚cpc." guvq" gp"rctvg" rqtswg"c"
διφερενχια δε λα αχτιϖιδαδ νο tgowpgtcfc. ελ δινερο εσ
hƒekn δε χονταρ ψ σε πρεστα α σερ χαλχυλαδο ψ αϕυσταδο εν
oqfgnqu"geqp„okequ0"Gp"nc"ukiwkgpvg"vcdnc"ug"fkuvkpiwgp"
nqu"vkrqu"fg"geqpqoc." rqt"wp"ncfq"oqpgvctkc" *xkukdng+"{"
nc"pq"oqpgvctkc"*kpxkukdng+0
Εσ νεχεσαριο τενερ εν χυεντα ελ
προσυµο
Ελ δεσχονοχιµιεντο αχερχα δελ προσυµο ποδρα σερ αχεπταβλε
σι εστε hwgtc."fε jgejq. ιντρασχενδεντε. ο σι τυϖιερα ποχο
ιµπαχτο σοβρε λα εχονοµα ο ελ δεσαρρολλο. Περο εσο εσ φαλσο
εν αµβοσ συπυεστοσ. Ελ ρεσυλταδο gu"swε εσε ινστρυµεντο
dƒukeο δε τοδασ λασ εχονοµασ. swε εσ ελ προδυχτο ιντερνο
βρυτο."εν ελ swε σε βασαν ταντασ δεχισιονεσ εµπρεσαριαλεσ
ψ γυβερναµενταλεσ. νο εστƒ tgÞglcpfο λα ϖερδαδερα
tgcnkfcf0"Ug"rwgfgp"guvcdngegt"tgncekqpgu"gpvtg"nqu"vkrqu"fg"
προσυµιδορ ψ συ ινχιδενχια εν λα εχονοµα ψ ελ δεσαρρολλο.
Tabla 1. Componentes de los Sectores de la Economía
Ortegón, 2011:143
101
Χοντεξτο 4 2015
Ugtc ιµπορταντε swg λοσ εχονοµιστασ nqitƒtcoqu α παρτιρ
δε νυεστροσ µοδελοσ ψ tgÞgzkqpgu geqpqokekuvcu. δεχιρ
ewƒpvq χυεστα λα eqjguk„p"uqekcn."gn"coqρ."nc"eqncdqtcek„p."
nc"ewnvwtc." nc" cwvqrtqfweek„p."gn" cwvqugtxkekq." gn" jƒicnq"
wuvgf"okuoq."gn"ewkfcfq"cn"ogfkqcodkgpvg."nc"ekwfcfcpc."
λασ βυενασ χονδυχτασ ψ ελ χιϖισµο.
Gn"vkgorq" fwtcpvg" gn" swg" pq" ug" vtcdclc" gp" nc" geqpqoc"
tgowpgtcfc."rwgfg"ugt" oƒu"korqtvcpvg"rctc" gn"dkgpguvct"
fg"nc"uqekgfcf." swg"gn"vkgorq"fg" vtcdclq"tgowpgtcfq0"Gn"
Rtquwoq"ectgegtƒ"fg"rtgekq."rgtq"vkgpg"xcnqt0"Xgt"Ýiwtcu"
1 ψ 2
Pq" qduvcpvg." owejqu" geqpqokuvcu" {" pq" geqpqokuvcu"
jcp" nwejcfq" cn" kpvgtkqt δε συσ τεορασ ψ ποστυλαδοσ πορ
δεµοστραρ swg ελ jqodtg νο εσ σολο υν σερ geqp„okeq0 Nqu
πριµεροσ πασοσ δε Ict{ Dgemgt ψ Coctv{c"Ugp. swg εν ελ
σενο δε λα rtqhguk„p δε λα εχονοµα jkekgtqp δεσδε µυψ
προντο ποδεροσοσ guhwgt¦qu ιντελεχτυαλεσ παρα χονϖενχερ α
λοσ χολεγασ δε λα ιµπορτανχια δε εντενδερ αλ jqodtg δεσδε
οτρασ περσπεχτιϖασ ψ νο σολο λα geqp„okec. σιν jcnnct οτρα
ρεσπυεστα swg υν εδυχαδο owtownnq."cpvgu" fg"swg"ug" ngu"
eqpegfkgtc."rqt"Ýp"uwu"rtgokqu"Pqdgn0
Gp" wp" oqogpvq" w" qvtq." vqfqu" uqoqu" rtquwokfqtgu" {"
τοδασ λασ εχονοµασ χυενταν χον υν σεχτορ δελ προσυµο
rqtswg" owejqu" fg" pwguvtqu δεσεοσ ψ νεχεσιδαδεσ oƒu
ντιµοσ νο λοσ προπορχιονα ο νο λοσ πυεδε προπορχιοναρ
gn"ogtecfq="q"uqp"fgocukcfq"ectqu="q"vcn"xg¦"fkuhtwvcoqu"
σιενδο προσυµιδορεσ ο νεχεσιταµοσ τερριβλεµεντε σερλο
*Dqecpgitc."422;
Λα χυρϖα δε
προσυµο
Pq" vqfq" nq" swg" igpgtc" etgekokgpvq" geqp„okeq" gu"
ρεσυλταδο δε λα εχονοµα προδυχτιϖα. Gzkuvgp αχτιϖιδαδεσ
geqp„okecu." ncu" ewcngu" c πεσαρ δε νο σερ τρανσαδασ
*tgowpgtcfcu+"gp" gn" ogtecfq." e worngp" fg" kiwcn" hqtoc"
wpc" hwpek„p" gp" gn" codkgpvg" geqp„okeq." igpgtcpfq"
dgpgÝekqu"fktgevqu" g" kpfktgevqu" rctc"swg" ug" cwogpvg" nc"
εχονοµα προδυχτιϖα πορ ταντο σε γενερε υν χρεχιµιεντο
geqp„okeq0" Gu ιµπορταντε χοµο σοχιεδαδ χοµπρενδερ
swg λα ρεαλιδαδ geqp„okec."ug"tgrtgugpvg" c" rctvkt"fg" nqu"
tguwnvcfqu"fg"nc"geqpqoc"rtqfwevkxc." vcodkfip"fgdgoqu"
oktct"nc"Ðgeqpqoc"rtqfwevkxcÑ"xgt"Ýiwtc"50
Nc" Gzkuvgpekc" fgn" rtquwoq" {" uw" hqtvcng¦c" eqokgp¦c" c"
χονφρονταρ φυερτεµεντε λα Ýiwtc ψ ελ σεντιδο δελ εµπλεο
ψ." oƒu" c¿p. ελ fgugorngq." pq" ukgortg" wpc" rgtuqpc"
gorngcfc."gu"rqtswg"pq"tgekdg"dgpgÝekqu."{"owejq µενοσ
Figura 3. FWr: Fracción de trabajo recibido, Prsm: Prosumo,
WnR: Trabajo no remunerado.
Figura 1. Benecios por la existencia del prosumo
Figura 2. Los subsistemas económicos
Ortegón, 2011:143
Ortegón, 2011:144
Ortegón, 2011:145
102 Χοντεξτο 4 2015
cjqtc ποδρεµοσ cÝtoct swg λασ περσονασ δεσεµπλεαδασ
pq"guvƒp" qewrcfcu"{" igpgtcpfq" dgpgÝekqu"rctc" u." rctc"
nc"geqpqoc" {" gn" fgucttqnnq"fg" nc" uqekgfcf0"Pq" vqfq" nq"
geqp„okeq."gu"oqpgvctkq0
Φυτυροσ
χοντεξτοσ
δε
ινδαγαχι⌠ν
δελ
προσυµο
Ελ προσυµο νεγατιϖο ο
αντιπροσυµο:
Ug ποδρα fgÝpkt
eqoq" vqfcu" cswgnncu" cevkxkfcfgu" glgtekfcu" rqt" wp" cigpvg."
swg" chgevcp" gn" dwgp φυνχιοναµιεντο δε λα εχονοµα ψ
qduvcewnk¦cp ελ δεσαρρολλο δε λα σοχιεδαδ. Εντρε ελλασ σε
eqpukfgtctcp" rqt" glgornq
ocn" eqorqtvcokgpvq." xkqngpekc" hcoknkcρ." fgukphqtocek„p."
cduvkpgpekc" gngevqtcn." fghqtguvcek„p." kttgurqpucdknkfcf" uqekcn."
kpvqngtcpekc. kttgurgvq. δεσαµορ. µαλα gfwecek„p ψ εϕεµπλο α
λοσ jklqu." gn εστρσ. Vqfcu εστασ ϖαριαβλεσ νο geqp„okecu. σον
δε rtquwoq"pgicvkxq." rqt"vcpvq."fkuokpw{gp" nc"rtqfwevkxkfcf."
nc" eqjguk„p" uqekcn." nc" rtqfwevkxkfcf" fg" nc" geqpqoc" {"
qduvcewnk¦cp" gn" nqitq" fgn" fgucttqnnq0" Korqtvcpvg χονοχερ εν
υν εστυδιο ποστεριορ λασ ιµπλιχαχιονεσ pgicvkxcu"swg"vkgpgp" nqu"
rtquwokfqtgu"csw"kfgpvkÝecfqu0
Cpƒnkuku
δελ προσυµο εν λοσ αγεντεσ
geqp„okequ<
Εσ
ιµπορταντε χονοχερ e„oq σε oqxknk¦cp λασ ϖαριαβλεσ δελ προσυµο
εν λοσ διφερεντεσ αγεντεσ δε λα εχονοµα ψ λα uqekgfcf"*hcoknkcu.
εµπρεσασ ψ Guvcfq+0 Ug"rtgugpvc ελ µαπα δε ρυτα kpxguvkicvkxc.
swg σε eqpuvkvw{„ εν λα rtkogtc" kpvgpek„p kpxguvkicvkxc. σιν
godctiq. δεσπυσ δελ εστυδιο tgcnk¦cfq"cn"rtquwoq."cfswkgtg"
owejc"oƒu"korqtvcpekc"fg"ugt"cpcnk¦cfq"c"vtcxfiu"fg"wp"vtcdclq"
fg" ecorq." swg" qrgtcekqpcnkeg" ncu" xctkcdngu" csw" cpcnk¦cfcu"
*vkrqu" fg" rtquwokfqρ." cevkxkfcfgu." rtguwrwguvqu." guegpctkqu
δε ceek„p. kpÞwgpekc εν λα εχονοµα ψ ελ fgucttqnnq+. εν υν
kpuvtwogpvq" swg" rwgfc" ugt" crnkecfq." gurgeÝecogpvg" c" ncu"
hcoknkcu."{" cu"rqfgt" cxcp¦ct"gp" wp"guvwfkq" swg"rqukdngogpvg"
pqu"nngxg"gp"cni¿p"oqogpvq α δετερµιναρ ασπεχτοσ ιµπορταντεσ
εν λοσ p¿engqu φαµιλιαρεσ.
EwcpvkÝecek„p"
δελ
προσυµο:
Ποσιβλεµεντε εν cni¿p
oqogpvq."hwvwtqu"guvwfkcpvgu" fg λα ekgpekc"geqp„okec."nqitgp"
guvcdngegt"cni¿p"vkrq" fg"kpuvtwogpvqu" fg"ecrvwtc" rctc"ecnewnct"
ελ ϖαλορ δε εστασ αχτιϖιδαδεσ ψ ασ πρεσενταρ εστοσ α λα σοχιεδαδ.
Φορταλεχιµιεντο
fg" rqnvkecu" r¿dnkecu" swg" rtqowgxcp"
ψ
ποτενχιαλιχεν
λασ
αχτιϖιδαδεσ
δε
προσυµο:
Εσ ιµπορταντε
cxcp¦ct"vcpvq εν ελ προχεσο χονχεπτυαλ ψ ewcpvkÝecdng δε
λασ αχτιϖιδαδεσ δε rtquwoq. αλ ιγυαλ swg εν συ rtqoqek„p
ψ rqvgpekcnk¦cek„p= υνα γραν ποσιβιλιδαδ εσ α τραϖσ δε λοσ
µεχανισµοσ δε πολτιχα r¿dnkec."{c" swg" ugi¿p" gn"cpƒnkuku" fg"
λοσ χοµπονεντεσ δελ Πλαν δε ∆εσαρρολλο ∆επαρταµενταλ δελ
Θυινδο 2008 2011 ÐSwkpfq WpkfqÑ. σε gxkfgpekc"swg" guvcu"
αχτιϖιδαδεσ σον ιµπορταντεσ παρα ελ δεσαρρολλο δε λασ διφερεντεσ
πολτιχασ.
Tghgtgpekcu"dkdnkqitƒÝecu
Βοχανεγρα, Χ0"*422;+0"Tgug‚c"fg"ÐNc"tgxqnwek„p""fg"nc"tkswg¦cÑ"
fg"Cnxkp"VqhÞgt"{"Jgkfk"VqhÞgt0"Tgnkik„p"{"Uqekgfcf."
ZZK"*66+."463/4680"
Βολτϖινικ, ϑ." *3;;;+" Eqpegrvqu" {" ogfkfcu" fg" rqdtg¦c0" Gp"
Dqnvxkpkm." L0" {" Gptkswg" Jgtpƒpfg¦" G0." Rqdtg¦c" {"
fkuvtkdwek„p" fgn" kpitguq" gp" Ofizkeq0" Ofizkeq
ZZK0
Ελ Πασ Σεµαναλ."Ctvewnq"uqdtg"KMGC"*4229+0"Ctigpvkpc0
Ηενδερσον, Η."*3;;9+"Pq"vqfq"ug"okfg"gp"fkpgtq0"Rtqitcoc"fg"
ncu"Pcekqpgu"Wpkfcu"rctc"gn"Fgucttqnnq"{"uw"ëpfkeg" fg"
∆εσαρρολλο Ηυµανο.
Ηενδερσον, Η0"*3;;;+" Oƒu" cnnƒ" fg" nc" inqdcnk¦cek„p0" Gurc‚c
Wtkgn"Ucvqtk0"
Μανκιω, Γ."*4229+"Rtkpekrkqu"fg" geqpqoc0"Ofizkeq
Ngctpkpi0
Μανκιω, Γ."*4229+0"Ocetqgeqpqoc0"Dctegnqpc
Μαξ−Νεεφ, Μ." *3;;5+"Fgucttqnnq" c"guecnc" jwocpc0"Dctegnqpc
Ιχαρια.
Νυσσβαυµ, Μ {"Ugp." C0" *3;;8+" Nc"ecnkfcf" fg" xkfc0" Ofizkeq
Hqpfq"Fg"Ewnvwtc"Geqp„okec0
Σεν, Α."*4222+"Fgucttqnnq"{"Nkdgtvcf0"Dctegnqpc
VqhÞgt." C" {" VqhÞgt." J" *4228+0" Nc" Tgxqnwek„p" fg" nc" tkswg¦c0"
Gurc‚c
VqhÞgt."C0" *3;;;+"Nc"Vgtegtc"Qnc0"Dctegnqpc Dctegnqpc."Rnc¦c"
{"Lcpfiu0
ςαλεριε, Μ0"*4222+"Eqpekgpekc"RqnvkecWpc"D¿uswgfc"Rgtrgvwc0
Ορτεγ⌠ν, Χ0" *4233+"Gn" rtquwoq
kpxkukdng0"Ctogpkc
Figuta 4. Categorización actividades según fragmento económico
Ortegón, 2011:146
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