Women in Leadership in Latin American Regionalism
| Autor | Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann |
| Cargo | Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Department of International Relations (iri) |
| Páginas | 349-362 |
Desafíos, Bogotá (Colombia), (31-1): 349-362, semestre I de 2019
Women in Leadership in Latin
American Regionalism
andrea riBeiro hoFFmann*
Abstract
This paper explores the role of women in leadership in Latin American Regionalism
and, more specically, the incorporation of gender commitments at the Community of
Latin American and Caribbean States (celac), focusing on the case of the over-
lapping mandates, during the period 2011-2014, of three women in the Presidencies
of Chile, Argentina and Brazil: Michelle Bachelet, Cristina Kirchner, and Dilma
Rousseff, respectively. The paper draws on feminist approaches and the literature of
women and leadership, and incorporates peculiarities pointed out in the literature
of Latin American regionalism, such as weak institutions, presidential diplomacy,
and active transnational advocacy networks. The main argument advanced is that
the effect of women in leadership cannot be taken for granted as gender was not a
priority during the governments of these presidents. The more diffuse commitment
to human rights, which they all shared, as well as their symbolic empowerment effect
might have strengthened the gender cause advanced by civil society and transnational
advocacy networks.
Keywords: Gender, women in leadership, Latin American regionalism, celac.
Introduction
There is a growing literature on gender, women and leadership in
individual countries such as the United States and at the global level
(Ngunjiril & Madsen, 2015; Ngunjiri et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2018;
Madsen, 2018), but this trend is not matched at the regional level,
with the exception of the European Union (eu). eu gender studies
include several topics such as gender equality policies (Hoskyns, 1996;
Kantola, 2010; Van der Vleuten, 2007, Kantola & Lombardo, 2017),
* Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Department of International Rela-
tions (iri). orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3817
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