Desarrollo sostenible en Colombia una utopía, una necesidad del presente y un alivio para el futuro
| Autor | Lina María Parada Zuluaga, Lina Marcela Sánchez Vásquez |
| Páginas | 183-191 |
183
Αρτχυλο χορτο
Kuup"Rtkpv
Kuup"*G+
jvvr<11eqpvgzvq0wiec0gfw0eq
Ρεϖιστα
Nkpc"Octc"Rctcfc"¥wnwcic",
Nkpc"Octegnc"Uƒpejg¦"
Xƒuswg¦,,"
,Dkqnqic0"Ociuvgt"gp"
Fgucttqnnq"uquvgpkdng"{"ogfkq"
codkgpvg."Wpkxgtukfcf"fgn"
Swkpfq
,,Eqpvcfqt"r¿dnkeq."Ocikuvgt"
gp"Fgucttqnnq"uquvgpkdng"{"
ogfkq"codkgpvg
Tgekdkfq
Tgxkucfq
Ceegrvcfq
Χορρεσπονδενχια δε αυτορ:
nkpcoctkcrctcfc9:Biockn0eqo0
noucpejg¦xBwpkswkpfkq0gfw0eq"
Æ" 4236" Wpkxgtukfcf" Nc" Itcp"
Eqnqodkc0" Guvg" gu" wp" ctvewnq" fg"
ceeguq"cdkgtvq." fkuvtkdwkfq"dclq" nqu"
vfitokpqu" fg" nc" nkegpekc" Χρεατιϖε
Χοµµονσ Αττριβυτιον Λιχενσε." swg"
rgtokvg"gn"wuq"knkokvcfq."fkuvtkdwek„p"
{"tgrtqfweek„p"gp"ewcnswkgt" ogfkq."
ukgortg" swg" gn" cwvqt" qtkikpcn" {" nc"
hwgpvg"ug"cetgfkvgp0
Χ⌠µο χιταρ:
Rctcfc" N" ." {" Ucpejg¦" N0" *4236+0
Fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" gp" eqnqodkc"
υνα υτοπα, υνα νεχεσιδαδ δελ
rtgugpvg" {" wpcnkxkq" rctc" gn" hwvwtq"
.Χοντεξτο xqn"*5+0"r03:5/3;3
∆εσαρρολλο σοστενιβλε εν Χολοµβια υνα υτοπα, υνα
νεχεσιδαδ δελ πρεσεντε ψ υν αλιϖιο παρα ελ φυτυρο
Gn"eqpegrvq"fg"fgucttqnnq"uquvgpkdng"ug"jc"kpeqtrqtcfq""c"ncu"cigpfcu"fg"fguct−
tqnnq"fg" nqu"rcugu"eqoq" rtqfwevq"fg" vgpfgpekcu"owpfkcngu"{" tguwnvcfq"fg" nqu"
rtqeguqu"fg"kpvgtpcekqpcnk¦cek„p" fg"nqu"rcugu0"Gp" gn"ecuq"eqnqodkcpq." ug"gxk−
fgpekc"wpc"twrvwtc"gpvtg"nqu"rncpvgcokgpvqu"fg"nc"rqnvkec"fg" Guvcfq"{"nqu"rqu−
vwncfqu"fg"nqu"rncpgu"fg" fgucttqnnq."gp"vcn"ugpvkfq"ug"rtgugpvc" wpc"tgàgzk„p"gp"
vqtpq"c"ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"{"tgvqu0"Rctc"swg"gn"fgucttqnnq"ugc"uquvgpkdng."nqu"hcevq−
tgu"uqekcngu."geqp„okequ" {"codkfipvcngu"fgdgp"kpvgtcevwct" eqp"gn"eqpqekokgpvq"
swg"nqu"jcegfqtgu"fg"ncu"rqnvkecu"r¿dnkecu"vkgpgp"fg"ncu"rqvgpekcnkfcfgu"{"nko−
kvcekqpgu"fg"uwu"vgttkvqtkqu0"Rctc"nqitct"eqpitwgpekc"gpvtg"nc"rqnvkec"{"nc"rtƒevkec"
uqekcn"{" geqp„okec" ug" fgdg" ucvkuhcegt" ncu" pgegukfcfgu" {" curktcekqpgu" fg" ncu"
igpgtcekqpgu"rtgugpvgu"{"hwvwtcu."gn"ewcn"u g"fgdg"eqpuvkvwkt"gp"gn"oƒzkoq"pkxgn"
fg"rgpucokgpvq"codkgpvcn0
Παλαβρασ χλαϖε:"Fgucttqnnq."hwvwtq."rqnvkec"codkgpvcn."uquvgpkdknkfcf0
Συσταιναβλε δεϖελοπµεντ ιν Χολοµβια α υτοπια, α νεχεσσιτψ
οφ τηισ ανδ ρελιεφ φορ τηε φυτυρε
Vjg" eqpegrv" qh" uwuvckpcdng" fgxgnqrogpv" jcu" dggp" kpeqtrqtcvgf" kpvq" vjg" fg−
xgnqrogpv"cigpfcu" qh" eqwpvtkgu"cu" c"tguwnv" qh" inqdcn"vtgpfu" cpf" tguwnv"qh" vjg"
kpvgtpcvkqpcnk¦cvkqp"qh"vjg"eqwpvtkgu0"Kp" vjg"Eqnqodkcp"ecug."gxkfgpegf"c" dtgcm"
dgvyggp"vjg"crrtqcejgu"qh"uvcvg"rqnke{"cpf"vjg"rtkpekrngu"qh"fgxgnqrogpv"rncpu"
kp"vjku" tgictf"ku"rtgugpvgf" kp"tgàgevkqp" cdqwv"vjg"rquukdknkvkgu" cpf"ejcnngpigu0"
Hqt"fgxgnqrogpv"vq"dg"uwuvckpcdng."uqekcn."geqpqoke"cpf"gpxktqpogpvcn"hcevqtu"
owuv"kpvgtcev"y kvj"vjg"mpqyngfig" vjcv"rwdnke"rqnke{" ocmgtu"jcxg" vjg"rqvgpvkcn"
cpf"nkokvcvkqpu" qh"vjgkt" vgttkvqtkgu0" Vq"cejkgxg"eqpukuvgpe{" dgvyggp" rqnke{"cpf"
uqekcn"cpf"geqpqoke"rtcevkeg"ujqwnf"oggv"vjg"pggfu"cpf"curktcvkqpu"qh"rtgugpv"
cpf" hwvwtg" igpgtcvkqpu." yjkej" ujqwnf" eqpuvkvwvg" vjg" jkijguv" ngxgn" qh" gpxktqp−
ogpvcn"vjqwijv0
Κεψωορδσ
184
Ιντροδυχχι⌠ν
Gn" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" gu" wp" vfitokpq"
eqo¿pogpvg"gpwpekcfq"{"swg"ug"jc"eqpxgtvkfq"gp"
rtkqtkfcf"fgpvtq"fg"ncu"cigpfcu" fg"fgucttqnnq"fg"
nqu"rcugu0"Gp"Eqnqodkc"ug"gpewgpvtc"kpogtuq"gp"
nqu"rtqitcocu"fg" iqdkgtpq"{"gp""gn" okpkuvgtkq"fg"
Ogfkq"Codkgpvg" *cpvgu"okpkuvgtkq" fg"Codkgpvg."
Xkxkgpfc"{"Fgucttqnnq"Vgttkvqtkcn+."pq"qduvcpvg."gp"
gn" iqdkgtpq" fgn" cevwcn" rtgukfgpvg." Lwcp" Ocpwgn"
Ucpvqu"ug" fkxkfk„"ncu" fqu"ectvgtcu" {"gn" okpkuvgtkq"
hwg"nncocfq"Okpkuvgtkq"fg"Codkgpvg" {"Fgucttqnnq"
Uquvgpkdng0
Περο σοβρε ελ δεσαρρολλο σοστενιβλε νο εξιστε υνα
eqpekgpekc"igpgtcnk¦cfc" cegtec"fg"uw" xgtfcfgtc"
korqtvcpekc" {" pgegukfcf" fg" crnkecek„p" gp" nqu"
eqpvgzvqu"tgcngu"{"eqvkfkcpqu"fg"pwguvtc"uqekgfcf0"
Guvg"gu" gn" curgevq"swg" ug"cdqtfc" gp" gn"ctvewnq."
eqp"gn" rtqr„ukvq"fg" xkuwcnk¦ct"cnvgtpcvkxcu" tgcngu"
swg" rgtokvcp" gn" gpnceg" gpvtg" nc" rqnvkec" r¿dnkec"
{" uw" crnkecek„p" c" nqu" eqpvgzvqu" rtqrkqu" fgn"
fgucttqnnq"fgn"rcu0
Cevwcnogpvg" gn" iqdkgtpq" fgn" rcu" dwuec" wp"
etgekokgpvq"geqp„okeq" {" rctc"lwuvkÞectnq" fgpvtq"
fg" nq" uqekcnogpvg" fgugcfq." ug" gpwpekc" eqoq""
uquvgpkdng."gn"ewcn"pq" gu"nq"okuoq" swg"fgucttqnnq"
uquvgpkdng." eqoq" nq" gzrnkec" Iqqfncpf" *3;;9+"
gp" nc" vguku" gn" owpfq" guvƒ" gp" uwu" nokvgu" {" swg"
etgekokgpvq"ukipkÞec"cwogpvct"fg"vcoc‚q"itcekcu"
c" nc" cukokncek„p" q" wvknk¦cek„p" fg" ocvgtkcngu."
okgpvtcu" swg" fgucttqnnq" ukipkÞec" nngxct" cecdq"
wp" fgurnkgiwg" fg" rqvgpekcnkfcfgu." ogfkcpvg" nc"
cevwcnk¦cek„p"q" tgcnk¦cek„p"fg"guvcu." q"ceegfgt" c"
wp"guvcfq" oƒu"rngpq0" Gu"fgekt" swg" nq"swg" etgeg"
ug"jceg" oƒu" itcpfg" ewcpvkvcvkxcogpvg"{" nq" swg"
ug" fgucttqnnc" pq" pgeguctkcogpvg" ug" eqpuwog"
{" ug" jceg" ewcnkvcvkxcogpvg" oglqt0" Rqt" vcpvq."
fgucttqnnq"gu" wp" eqpegrvq"oƒu" eqornglq" rqtswg"
guvƒ"cuqekcfq"cn"cwogpvq"fg"dkgpguvct"kpfkxkfwcn"
{"eqngevkxq" swg" gpekgttc"owejcu" xctkcdngu"eqoq"
uqp
cwugpekc"fg"fkuetkokpcek„p."fgoqetcekc."tgurgvq"
c"nqu"fgtgejqu"jwocpqu"{"rtgugtxcek„p"fgn"ogfkq"
codkgpvg0
Περσπεχτιϖα τε⌠ριχα: ελ χονχεπτο δε δεσαρρολλο
σοστενιβλε
Ugi¿p" Ctkcu." *4228+." Cpcpf" {" Ugp" *3;;8." 4222+"
jcp" ukuvgocvk¦cfq" gn" gphqswg" fgn" fgucttqnnq"
jwocpq" uquvgpkdng" jcekgpfq" fiphcuku" gp" gn"
cpƒnkuku" fgn" fgucttqnnq" jwocpq" {" nc" ecnkfcf" fg"
xkfc0" Uw" rtkpekrkq" ug" dcuc" gp" gn" wpkxgtucnkuoq"
q" korctekcnkfcf" crnkecfc" gpvtg" igpgtcekqpgu0"
Fg" guvg" oqfq" tgucnvcp" nc" korqtvcpekc" fgn"
eqpegrvq" fg" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" eqoq" kpvgt"
g" kpvtcigpgtcekqpcn." rwgu" egpvtc" gp" gn" ugt"
jwocpq" nc" eqttgurqpucdknkfcf" rqt" nc" iguvk„p."
cfokpkuvtcek„p" {" eqpugtxcek„p" fgn" codkgpvg0"
Qvtq" curgevq" swg" tgucnvc" gp" gn" cpƒnkuku" fg" nqu"
αυτορεσ εσ λα χρτιχα αλ χονχεπτο δε δεσαρρολλο
uquvgpkdng" guvcdngekfq" gp" gn" kphqtog" Dtwfvncpf."
rwgu" cfgoƒu" fg" ictcpvk¦ctug" gn" hwvwtq" c" rctvkt"
fgn" rtgugpvg." ug‚cncp" swg" vcodkfip" fgdgp" ugt"
cugiwtcfcu" ncu" ecrcekfcfgu" gngogpvcngu" fg" nc"
igpgtcek„p"rtgugpvg"fguhcxqtgekfc0""
Gn" dkgpguvct" ugi¿p" *Ugp." 3;;8+" rwgfg" fgÞpktug"
eqoq" nc" nkdgtvcf" swg" vkgpg" wpc" rgtuqpc" rctc"
nngxct" c" ecdq" wpc" fgvgtokpcfc" encug" fg" xkfc0"
Guvc" nkdgtvcf" gu" gxcnwcfc" gp" vfitokpqu" fg" ncu"
ecrcekfcf" swg" vkgpg" guvc" rgtuqpc" rctc" nqitct"
hwpekqpcokgpvqu"xcnkququ0"Wp" hwpekqpcokgpvq"ug"
tgÞgtg"c"rctvgu"fgn"guvcfq"fg"wpc"rgtuqpc
swg"nqitc"jcegt"q"ugt"cn"xkxkt0"Ugp"rncpvgc"fg"guvc"
hqtoc"gn"fgucttqnnq"fgufg"nc"rgturgevkxc"jwocpc"
eqoq" gn" hcevqt" fgvgtokpcpvg" rctc" gn" fgucttqnnq"
uqekcn0" Rqt" glgornq." cniwpqu" hwpekqpcokgpvqu"
dƒukequ"uqp
τενερ βυενα ϖιϖιενδα, λα ποσιβιλιδαδ δε εσχαπαρ α
nc"oqtdknkfcf"gxkvcdng"{"nc"oqtvcnkfcf"rtgocvwtc."
gn" tgurgvq" rtqrkq." rtgugtxcek„p" fg" nc" fkipkfcf."
nc" rctvkekrcek„p" uqekcn." gpvtg" qvtqu0" " Curgevqu"
vqfqu" gnnqu" swg" rtgugpvcp" tgncekqpcokgpvqu" eqp"
gn"gpvqtpq"{"gn" eqpuvtwevq"uqekcn0"Pq" qduvcpvg."pq"
vqfqu"nqu"hwpekqpcokgpvqu"uqp"fg"kpvgtfiu."nc"qrek„p"
fg" wuct" wp" fgpvhtkeq" w" qvtq" fg" ectcevgtuvkecu"
ukoknctgu" gu" wp" hwpekqpcokgpvq" rgtq" pq" ugtc"
tgngxcpvg"c"nc"jqtc"fg"gxcnwct"gn"dkgpguvct"fg"wpc"
rgtuqpc0"Nc" ecrcekfcf"gpvqpegu" gu" wp"eqplwpvq"
fg" hwpekqpcokgpvqu" cnvgtpcvkxqu" xcnkququ" swg"
rwgfg" nqitct" wpc" rgtuqpc" {" gpvtg" nqu" ewcngu"
gueqig" wpc" eqodkpcek„p." cu" swg" gn" dkgpguvct"
fgdg"gxcnwctug"gp"vfitokpqu"fg" nc"ecrcekfcf"swg"
185
vkgpg" wpc" rgtuqpc" rctc" nqict" hwpekqpcokgpvqu"
xcnkququ0" Eqp" nq" cpvgtkqt" ug" gxkfgpekc" wpc"
eqpuvtweek„p" vg„tkec" fg" fgucttqnnq" swg" fkuvc" fgn"
oqfgnq" korgtcpvg" egpvtcfq" gp" nc" rtqfweek„p."
eqp"wp"gphqswg" gp"gn"ogtecfq" {"swg"xkuwcnk¦c" cn"
codkgpvg"eqoq"rtqxggfqt"fg"tgewtuqu"gp"nwict"fg"
rwpvq"fg"rctvkfc"rctc"nc"ictcpvc"fg"fgucttqnnq0"
Gp"vcn"ugpvkfq." fgufg"nc" geqpqoc"fgn"fgucttqnnq"
jc" rtkocfq" gn" gphqswg" fg" oczkok¦cek„p" fg"
nc" tkswg¦c." {" cwpswg" guvc" gu" korqtvcpvg" gp" nc"
igpgtcek„p"fg"dkgpguvct"{"pq"rwgfg"ugt"ecnkÞecfc"
fg" kttgngxcpvg" gp" gn" fizkvq" fg" nc" xkfc" jwocpc" gn"
gphqswg" fguectvc" hcevqtgu" eqoq" nc" cvgpek„p"
r¿dnkec"q"nc"qticpk¦cek„p"uqekcn"swg"eqpvtkdw{gp"cn"
dkgpguvct"{"nkdgtvcfgu"fg"nqu"kpfkxkfwqu."vcorqeq"
vkgpg" gp" ewgpvc" nc" fkuvtkdwek„p" fg" nc" tkswg¦c0"
Cpcpf" {" Ugp" knwuvtcp" swg" gp" owejqu" rcugu"
jcp"cnecp¦cfq" vcucu"fg"etgekokgpvq" cnvcu"ukp" wp"
korcevq" eqpukfgtcdng" uqdtg" ncu" eqpfkekqpgu" fg"
xkfc"{" nq"oƒu" korqtvcpvg" gu"swg" cniwpqu"rcugu"
jcp"cnecp¦cfq"cnvc" ecnkfcf"fg"xkfc" eqp"vcucu"fg"
etgekokgpvq"fgn"rtqfwevq"rgt"eƒrkvc"tgncvkxcogpvg"
oqfgtcfcu0"Vcodkfip"jcegp"pqvct"swg"nc"tgncek„p"
guvcfuvkec"rqukvkxc"swg"ug"jc"gpeqpvtcfq"gpvtg"gn"
rtqfwevq"rgt" eƒrkvc"{" nqu"kpfkecfqtgu" fg"ecnkfcf"
fg" xkfc" gpvtg" rcugu" ug" fgdg" gp" itcp" rctvg" cn"
wuq"fg" kpitguqu" gzvtc"gp" ecorqu" gurgeÞequ"fg"
gfwecek„p"{"ucnwf"{"gp"nc"tgfweek„p"fg"nc"rqdtg¦c"
cduqnwvc0"
Ctkcu" *4228+" cfxkgtvg" swg" gn" vtcdclq" fg" Ctpcpf"
{" Ugp" gu" gn" rtkogt" kpfkekq" ukuvgoƒvkeq" rctc"
eqpvtkdwkt" c" nc" eqpegrvwcnk¦cek„p" fgn" fgucttqnnq"
uquvgpkdng"fgufg" nc" fkogpuk„p" uqekcn."nc" ewcn" gu"
wpq"fg" nqu" rknctgu" ffidkngu"gp" nc" fkuewuk„p"uqdtg"
fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" fcfq" swg" ncu" rgturgevkxcu"
fqokpcpvgu" jcp" ukfq" geqn„ikecu" {" geqp„okecu0"
Tgekgpvgogpvg" ug" jc" uwocfq" Ngjvqpgp" *4226+"
rwgu"vtcdclc" gp" nc" tgncek„p"gpvtg" ecrcekfcfgu" {"
gn"fgucttqnnq"uquvgpkdng0"Guvg" cwvqt."pqu"rtgugpvc"
nc"tgncek„p"gpvtg" ecrkvcn"uqekcn"{" ncu"kpuvkvwekqpgu"
eqp" gn" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng0" Cfgoƒu." Ctkcu"
*4228+"pqu"fkeg"swg="
Ngpvqpgp" uwuvgpvc" swg" vcpvq" gn" gphqswg"
fg"ncu"ecrcekfcfgu"eqoq"gn"ecrkvcn"uqekcn"
rctgegp" rtqxggt" wp" crq{q" cpcnvkeq" c" nc"
fkogpuk„p"uqekcn" fgn"fgucttqnnq" σοστενιβλε
rgtq" pq" guvƒp" gp" wpc" gvcrc" fg" crnkecek„p"
rtƒevkec." pq" qduvcpvg." codqu" gphqswgu"
uwikgtgp"wp" eqplwpvq"fg"vgocu" swg"ug" fgdgp"
vgpgt" gp" ewgpvc" c" nc" jqtc" fg" eqpukfgtct" nc"
uquvgpkdknkfcf"uqekcngu"gn"egpvtq"
fg"nc" fkogpuk„p"uqekcn" {"gp"nc" rgturgevkxc"fg"
nc" uquvgpkdknkfcf" vkgpg" gurgekcn" cvgpek„p" nc"
gswkfcf"kpvgtigpgtcekqpcn."40" pq"gu"uwÞekgpvg"
wpc" oktcfc" c" nqu" " tguwnvcfqu" uqekcngu."
rtqxgpkgpvgu" rqt" glgornq" fgn" hqtvcngekokgpvq"
fgn"ecrkvcn"uqekcn."ukpq" vcodkfip"eqpukfgtct"ncu"
ecrcekfcfgu" kpfkxkfwcngu" {" 50" Nc" gzkuvgpekc"
fg" rctvkekrcek„p" {" fkƒnqiq" igpwkpq" gpvtg"
nqu" cevqtgu" eqoq" rtgttgswkukvq" rctc" nc"
σοστενιβιλιδαδ, εσ ινδισπενσαβλε ρεχονοχερ λα
rgtxgtukfcf"fg"nc"fkuvtkdwek„p"kpgswkvcvkxc"fgn"
rqfgt"{"hqtvcngegt"c" nqu"itwrqu"gp"fguxgpvclc0"
*r0436+
C"ghgevqu" fgn" rtgugpvg" vtcdclq"gu" pgeguctkq" swg"
ug" cdqtfg" nc" xkuk„p" fgn" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" fg"
ocpgtc"kpvgitcfc."gp" vcpvq"ncu"fkxgtucu"oktcfcu"
vg„tkecu" cpvgu" eqpuwnvcfcu" rtqxggp" wpc" xkuk„p"
hwpfcogpvcnogpvg" cpvtqrqegpvtkuvc0" Rctc" nc"
fkuewuk„p" csw" rtqrwguvc" nc" eqpukfgtcek„p"
igq/egpvtkuvc." eqoq" hcevqt" fgvgtokpcpvg" rctc" nc"
gzkuvgpekc"jwocpc."gu"hwpfcogpvcn0
∆ιµενσιονεσ δελ δεσαρρολλο σοστενιβλε
Nc" kpvgtceek„p" gpvtg" nqu" cigpvgu" geqp„okequ"
{" gn" ogfkq" codkgpvg" gu" hwpfcogpvcn=" fg"
cnn" swg" ug" vqtpc" vtcuegpfgpvcn" nc" hqtocek„p"
*ecrcekvcek„p+" fg" nc" uqekgfcf" ekxkn" gp" igpgtcn" {"
fg" nqu" tgrtgugpvcpvgu" fg" nqu" iqdkgtpqu" nqecngu"
{" ncu" kpuvkvwekqpgu" tgikqpcngu." eqp" gn" qdlgvq" fg"
ictcpvk¦ct"uw"rctvkekrcek„p"cevkxc"gp"gn"ocpglq"fg"
nqu" tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu0" Cfkekqpcnogpvg." gp" guvg"
pkxgn"ug"fguvcec"gn"rcrgn" fg"nqu"ugevqtgu" r¿dnkeq"
{" rtkxcfq." eqoq" vcodkfip" uwu" ogecpkuoqu" fg"
kpvgtceek„p"{"nqu"fkurqukvkxqu"ngicngu"swg"rwgfgp"
xkcdknk¦ct" nc" wvknk¦cek„p" tcekqpcn" fg" nqu" tgewtuqu"
pcvwtcngu"{"gn"ogfkq"codkgpvg0
Guvg" guswgoc" fg" qtfgpcokgpvq" uqekcn" jc"
rwguvq" gurgekcn" fiphcuku" gp" ncu" pqtocu" fg" ncu"
cevkxkfcfgu" rtqfwevkxcu" {" gp" nc" wvknk¦cek„p" fg"
nc" vgepqnqic." eqoq" kpuvtwogpvq" rctc" cugiwtct"
nc" uwrgtxkxgpekc" fg" uwu" rqdncekqpgu." {" rctc"
186
ictcpvk¦ct" nc" igpgtcek„p" fg" gzegfgpvgu" swg"
xkcdknkegp"gn"eqogtekq"eqp"qvtqu"rcugu"*fkogpuk„p"
geqp„okec+0"Vqfcu"guvcu"cevkxkfcfgu"rtqfwevkxcu"
wvknk¦cp"gpgtic"{"tgewtuqu"pcvwtcngu"tgpqxcdngu"{"
pq"tgpqxcdngu" eqoq" kpuwoqu"dƒukequ" {"igpgtcp"
dkgpgu" fg" eqpuwoq" {" rtqfwevqu" rtkoctkqu=" c"
nc" xg¦." gp" nc" oc{qtc" fg" nqu" ecuqu." qecukqpcp"
gzvgtpcnkfcfgu" ogfkqcodkgpvcngu" pgicvkxcu
gàwgpvgu"eqpvcokpcpvgu." gtquk„p." fghqtguvcek„p."
gpvtg"qvtcu"*fkogpuk„p"codkgpvcn+0
∆ιµενσι⌠ν σοχιαλ:"Tgokvg." fg" ocpgtc" gurgekcn."
cn"eqplwpvq" fg" tgncekqpgu"uqekcngu" {"geqp„okecu"
swg" ug" guvcdngegp" gp" ewcnswkgt" uqekgfcf" {" swg"
vkgpgp"eqoq" dcug"nc" tgnkik„p."nc" fivkec"{" nc"rtqrkc"
ewnvwtc0" Gp" ghgevq." uqp" guvcu" tgncekqpgu" ncu"
swg" fgvgtokpcp." gp" dwgpc" ogfkfc." gn" itcfq" fg"
ceeguq"c"ncu" fkxgtucu" pqtocu" fgn"rqfgt" rqnvkeq"
*c"ewcnswkgt"pkxgn+0
Cukokuoq." guvc" fkogpuk„p" vkgpg" eqoq" tghgtgpvg"
qdnkicvqtkq" c" nc" rqdncek„p." {" rtguvc" gurgekcn"
cvgpek„p" c" uwu" hqtocu" fg" qticpk¦cek„p." {" fg"
rctvkekrcek„p"gp" nc" vqoc"fg" fgekukqpgu0" Rqt"qvtq"
ncfq."vcodkfip"ug"tgÞgtg" c"ncu"kpvgtceekqpgu"gpvtg"
nc"uqekgfcf"ekxkn"{"gn"ugevqt"r¿dnkeq0
Gp"guvg"¿nvkoq"ecuq."ug"rgtekdgp"gn"vkrq"{"nc"hwgt¦c"
fg" ncu" cnkcp¦cu" uqekcngu" {" nc" " eqphqtocek„p" fg"
itwrqu"fg"kpvgtfiu"eqoq"ogecpkuoqu"pcvwtcngu"fg"
ceeguq" {" glgtekekq" fgn" rqfgt" " " gorqfgtcokgpvq."
{" nc" rtƒevkec" fg" tguqnwek„p" fg" eqpàkevqu0" Rqt"nq"
vcpvq." nqu" nc¦qu" fg" kpvgtceek„p" uqekcn" uqp" fg"
korqtvcpekc"fgekukxc"rctc"rtqoqxgt" {"eqpuqnkfct"
gn"rtqeguq" fg" rctvkekrcek„p" {" fgoqetcvk¦cek„p"c"
vqfqu"nqu"pkxgngu0
Gp" guvg" eqpvgzvq." gn" itcfq" fg" fgucttqnnq" guvƒ"
fktgevcogpvg" xkpewncfq." gpvtg" qvtqu." c" fqu"
hcevqtgujcdknkfcfgu"{"fguvtg¦cu"fgn"tgewtuq"
jwocpq."uw"ecrcekfcf"tgcn"fg"igpgtct"gzegfgpvg"
{" tgkpxgtvktnqu" gp" guc" okuoc" nqecnk¦cek„p." {." kk0"
Gn" itcfq" fg" fkuvtkdwek„p" fg" nqu" dgpgÞekqu" fgn"
fgucttqnnq" gpvtg" nqu" fkxgtuqu" cevqtgu" rtkxcfqu." {"
gpvtg"fiuvqu"{"nqu"cevqtgu"r¿dnkequ0
Ug"fgfweg"swg"gzkuvgp"tgncekqpgu"guvtgejcu"gpvtg"
guvc" fkogpuk„p" {" nc" kpuvkvwekqpcn/rqnvkec0" Guvcu"
ug"qtkikpcp."rtkpekrcnogpvg."c"vtcxfiu"fgn"ceeguq"c"
nqu"ogecpkuoqu"fg" vqoc"fg"" fgekukqpgu"uqdtg"nc"
cukipcek„p"fg"tgewtuqu"r¿dnkequ0
∆ιµενσι⌠ν πολτιχο − ινστιτυχιοναλ:"Guvc"fkogpuk„p"
eqpukfgtc" nc" guvtwevwtc" {" gn" hwpekqpcokgpvq"
fgn" ukuvgoc" rqnvkeq." ugc" " pcekqpcn." tgikqpcn" q"
nqecn=" cukokuoq." gu" gn" pkejq" fqpfg" ug" pgiqekcp"
rqukekqpgu"{"ug"vqocp"fgekukqpgu""uqdtg"gn"twodq"
swg" ug" fgugc" korctvkt" cn" rtqeguq" fg" fgucttqnnq0"
Rqt"qvtq"ncfq."ug"cÞtoc"gp"gn"ukuvgoc"kpuvkvwekqpcn"
guvcdngekfq" rctc" qtkgpvct" {" qrgtcekqpcnk¦ct" gn"
ugpfgtq"fg"fgucttqnnq"gueqikfq0"
Rqt" nq" vcpvq." gp" guvc" fkogpuk„p" ug" fgÞpgp" nqu"
itwrqu"{"nqu"tqngu""jgigo„pkequ"fg"nqu"cevqtgu"swg"
tgrtgugpvcp"c"fkxgtuqu"kpvgtgugu"{"ug"kpuvkvw{gp"nqu"
gswknkdtkqu"rqnvkequ"rqt" ogfkq"fg"pgiqekcekqpgu0"
Rqt"qvtq"ncfq."nqu"iqdkgtpqu"tgikqpcngu"q"nqecngu"{"
gn"ugevqt" r¿dnkeq"eqpvkpwctƒp" fgugorg‚cpfq"wp"
rcrgn"eqoq"ctvkewncfqtgu"fgn"rtqeguq"{."gp"ecuqu"
fg" korqukdknkfcf" fg" rctvkekrcek„p" fktgevc" fg" nc"
uqekgfcf"ekxkn."vcodkfip" eqoq" rtqoqvqtgu" fg"ncu"
ceekqpgu"fg"fgucttqnnq"uquvgpkdng0
Codcu" vtcpuhqtocekqpgu" rtgvgpfgp" cwogpvct"
fg" ocpgtc" ukipkÞecvkxc" ncu" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" {"
ogecpkuoqu" fg" rctvkekrcek„p" rqnvkec" fg" nc"
uqekgfcf" ekxkn0" Nq" cpvgtkqt" gu" hwpfcogpvcn" rctc"
eqpuqnkfct" gn" rtqeguq" fg" hqtvcngekokgpvq" fg" nqu"
iqdkgtpqu" nqecngu" {" ncu" kpuvkvwekqpgu" tgikqpcngu."
uk"ug"fgugc"cnecp¦ct"wp"ecodkq"gp"gn"guvknq"{"pkxgn"
fg" nc" rtgugpekc" fgn" iqdkgtpq" egpvtcn" gp" ecfc"
wpkfcf"vgttkvqtkcn."fg"vcn" hqtoc"swg"nc"eqowpkfcf"
qticpk¦cfc" fgÞpc" uwu" rtkpekrcngu" rtqdngocu."
kfgpvkÞswg" nqu" ugtxkekqu" tgswgtkfqu" rctc"
gphtgpvct"guvqu" rtqdngocu." rtqrqpic"uqnwekqpgu"
cnvgtpcvkxcu" gp" ncu" ewcngu" guvctƒp" fkurwguvcu" c"
rctvkekrct"jcuvc" gp"uw" eqÞpcpekcokgpvq"uk" hwgug"
pgeguctkq0" C" guvg" vkrq" fg" ceekqpgu" korwnucfcu"
rqt" nc" eqowpkfcf" qticpk¦cfc." gn" Guvcfq" fgdg"
tgurqpfgt"gp"hqtoc"qtiƒpkec"{"ukuvgoƒvkec0
Fg"nc" okuoc" ocpgtc."guvc" fkogpuk„p" ukgpvc"ncu"
dcugu"rctc"xkcdknk¦ct"nc"tgpqxcek„p"{"gn"clwuvg"fgn"
octeq" kpuvkvwekqpcn" eqoq" rctvg" fgn" rtqeguq" fg"
oqfgtpk¦cek„p"kpuvkvwekqpcn"fgn"ugevqt"r¿dnkeq0"
∆ιµενσι⌠ν εχον⌠µιχα: Guvc"fkogpuk„p"ug"xkpewnc"
eqp" nc" ecrcekfcf" rtqfwevkxc" {" eqp" gn" rqvgpekcn"
187
geqp„okeq" fg" ncu" tgikqpgu" {" oketqttgikqpgu."
xkuwcnk¦cfc"fgufg"wpc" rgturgevkxc"ownvkugevqtkcn"
swg" kpxqnwetc" ncu" kpvgthcegu" fg" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu"
rtkoctkcu"eqp"cswgnncu"rtqrkcu"fgn"rtqegucokgpvq"
{" gn" eqogtekq." {" eqp" nc" qvtc." swg" eqttgurqpfg"
cn" wuq" fg" nc" dcug" fg" nqu" tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu0"
Gp" gn" ecuq" fg" nc" rtkogtc." ug" kpenw{gp" vqfcu" ncu"
cevkxkfcfgu" kpvgtogfkcu" swg" ug" tgncekqpcp" eqp"
gn" rtqegucokgpvq" fg" rtqfwevqu" xkpewncfqu" c"
fgvgtokpcfcu" ecfgpcu" citqcnkogpvctkcu." rqt"
vcpvq."kpenw{g"cevkxkfcfgu"rtqfwevkxcu"rtkoctkcu"{"
ugewpfctkcu"fg"fkxgtuqu"ugevqtgu"fg"nc"geqpqoc0
Cfgoƒu." wpc" korqtvcpvg" rqtek„p" fg" guvc"
fkogpuk„p"ug"tgÞgtg"c"ncu"tgncekqpgu"geqp„okecu"
{" rtqfwevkxcu" igpgtcfcu" gp" nqu" ogtecfqu" fg"
ecfc" wpkfcf" vgttkvqtkcn" {" gp" qvtqu" nqecnk¦cfqu"
gp" fkhgtgpvgu" wpkfcfgu" rgtq" swg." fgdkfq" c" uw"
fkogpuk„p"{"rtgugpekc."kpfwegp"vtcpuhqtocekqpgu"
{" oqfkÞecp" ncu" vgpfgpekcu" rtqfwevkxcu"
vtcfkekqpcngu"gp"nc"oketqttgik„p0
∆ιµενσι⌠ν αµβιενταλ: Guvc" fkogpuk„p" uwtig"
fgn" rquvwncfq" fg" swg" gn" hwvwtq" fgn" fgucttqnnq"
fgrgpfg"fg"nc"ecrcekfcf"swg" vgpicp"nqu"cevqtgu"
kpuvkvwekqpcngu" {" nqu" cigpvgu" geqp„okequ" rctc"
eqpqegt"{"ocpglct."ugi¿p"wpc"rgturgevkxc"fg"nctiq"
rnc¦q."uw"uvqem" fg"tgewtuqu"pcvwtcngu" tgpqxcdngu"
{" uw" ogfkq" codkgpvg0" Gp" guvc" fkogpuk„p" ug"
rtguvc"gurgekcn" cvgpek„p"c" nc"dkqfkxgtukfcf"{." gp"
gurgekcn."c" nqu"tgewtuqu"eqoq" gn"uwgnq." gn"ciwc" {"
nc" eqdgtvwtc" xgigvcn" *dquswg+." swg" uqp" Gp" guvc""
rgturgevkxc." ewcnswkgt" cevkxkfcf" rtqfwevkxc" swg"
ug" rtqowgxc" fgdg" cfgewctug" c" wp" eqplwpvq" fg"
rctƒogvtqu"swg"cugiwtgp" gn"ocpglq"tcekqpcn" fgn"
tgugtxcu"fg"tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu"{"gn" gswknkdtkq"fgn"
ogfkq"codkgpvg0"Guvc"xkuk„p"cfswkgtg"wp"cnecpeg"
gurgekcn"fgufg"swg"nc"wpkfcf"vgttkvqtkcn"fg"ceek„p"
rctvkewnctogpvg" eqpfkekqpcfc" rqt" uw" dcug" fg"
tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu0" Fg" cj" swg" guvc" fkogpuk„p"
ug" tgncekqpc" rtkpekrcnogpvg" eqp" gn" rqvgpekcn"
rtqfwevkxq"fg"ncu"¦qpcu" citqgeqn„ikecu"{"eqp"nqu"
eqpàkevqu"swg"uwtigp"gpvtg"gn"rqvgpekcn"fg"wuq"fg"
uwu"tgewtuqu"pcvwtcngu"{"uw"wuq"ghgevkxq0"Guvg"vkrq"
fg"cpƒnkuku"dwuec"tgucnvct"ncu"eqpfkekqpcpvgu"{"gn"
rqvgpekcn"fg" nqu"tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu" eqp"gn" Þp"fg"
ictcpvk¦ct"uw"ocpglq"tcekqpcn"nkdtg"fg"eqpàkevqu0"
Gp"guvg"eqpvgzvq."nc"kpvgtceek„p"gpvtg"nqu"cigpvgu"
geqp„okequ"{"gn"ogfkq"codkgpvg"gu"hwpfcogpvcn="
fg" cnn" swg" ug" vqtpc" vtcuegpfgpvcn" nc" hqtocek„p"
*ecrcekvcek„p+" fg" nc" uqekgfcf" ekxkn" gp" igpgtcn" {"
fg" nqu" tgrtgugpvcpvgu" fg" ncu" cfokpkuvtcekqpgu"
nqecngu"{"ncu"kpuvkvwekqpgu"tgikqpcngu."eqp"gn"qdlgvq"
fg"ictcpvk¦ct"uw"rctvkekrcek„p"cevkxc"gp"gn"ocpglq"
fg"nqu"tgewtuqu"pcvwtcngu0"Cfkekqpcnogpvg."gp"guvg"
pkxgn"ug"fguvcec"gn"rcrgn" fg"nqu"ugevqtgu" r¿dnkeq"
{" rtkxcfq." eqoq" vcodkfip" uwu" ogecpkuoqu" fg"
kpvgtceek„p"{"nqu"fkurqukvkxqu"ngicngu"swg"rwgfgp"
xkcdknk¦ct" nc" wvknk¦cek„p" tcekqpcn" fg" nqu" tgewtuqu"
pcvwtcngu"{"gn"ogfkq"codkgpvg0
Ματεριαλεσ ψ µτοδοσ
Ελ ρεσυλταδο πρεσενταδο παρτε δε υν προχεσο
fguetkrvkxq."rctc" gn"ewcn" ug"jk¦q" wuq"fg" ofivqfqu"
vcngu" eqoq" nc" fgfweek„p." rctvkgpfq" fg" nc" vgqtc"
igpgtcn" fgn" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" rctc" crnkectnq"
cn"eqpvgzvq" gurgeÞeq"fg" nc"tgcnkfcf" geqp„okeq/"
rqnvkec" eqnqodkcpc0" Rctc"uw" fgucttqnnq" ug" dcu„"
gp"vfiepkecu"eqoq"nc" tgeqrkncek„p"fqewogpvcn.""nc"
eqpvtcuvcek„p"vg„tkec"eqp"nc"tgcnkfcf"uqekcn0
Τενδενχιασ µυνδιαλεσ ψ ρεαλιδαδ χολοµβιανα
φρεντε αλ χονχεπτο δε δεσαρρολλο σοστενιβλε
Wpc" fg" ncu" rtkpekrcngu" rtqdngoƒvkecu" swg"
ug" gphtgpvc" cn" cdqtfct" gn" vgoc" fgn" fgucttqnnq"
uquvgpkdng" vkgpg" uw" cegtxq" gp" " swg" ug" eqphwpfg"
gn"etgekokgpvq"geqp„okeq"{"fgucttqnnq"geqp„okeq."
rqt"nq"swg" ug"fguxktv¿c"gn"eqpegrvq" fg"fgucttqnnq"
uquvgpkdng0"Gn"etgekokgpvq" geqp„okeq"dwuec" uqnq"
nc" tgncek„p" gpvtg" rtqfwevqtgu" {" eqpuwokfqtgu"
eqoq"uk"hwgtc" wp"ukuvgoc"egttcfq."fguguvkocpfq"
gn"jgejq"swg"hwpekqpc"fgpvtq"fg"wp"ukuvgoc"inqdcn"
swg"gu"nc"vkgttc"{"uw"ecrcekfcf"*Gjtnkejgp."3;:;+0""
Nc"geqpqoc" hqtoc""rctvg" fgn"uwdeqplwpvq" fg"nc"
dkquhgtc."guvc"pq"rwgfg"uwrgtct"gp"uw"etgekokgpvq"
nqu"nokvgu"fg"nc"dkquhgtc0
Nqu"tgvqu"fgn"owpfq"uqp"ecfc"xg¦"oc{qtgu." rgtq"
rctc"gn"cpƒnkuku"ug"tgxkuctƒp"nqu"tgvqu"fg"Eqnqodkc."
nc""QEFG"*nc"Qticpk¦cek„p"rctc"nc"Eqqrgtcek„p"{"
gn"Fgucttqnnq" Geqp„okeq+" ugi¿p"" " gn"Kphqtog" fg"
uquvgpkdknkfcf" *Ugocpc." ciquvq" fg" 422:+." gzkig"
c"Eqnqodkc" oglqtct" uw" fgugorg‚q"{" tgiwncek„p"
188
gp"vgocu" fg"ogfkq" codkgpvg"{" fgukiwcnfcf0"Pq"
qduvcpvg"nq"cpvgtkqt""nc"rtgiwpvc"gu"½e„oq"oglqtct"
gp" nqu" vgocu" ogfkq" codkgpvcngu" ewcpfq" gzkuvg"
ταν ποχο χοντρολ δε παρτε δε λασ χορποραχιονεσ
cwv„pqocu" tgikqpcngu" ECT" *cwvqtkfcfgu"
codkgpvcngu"gp"nqu"fgrctvcogpvqu+A0
Cwpcfq" c" nq" cpvgtkqt." " wpq" fg" uwu" oc{qtgu"
rtqdngocu" gu" nc" eqttwrek„p" {" guvq" ug" jc" fcfq"
rqt" nc" rqvguvcf" fg" " cwvqpqoc" cfokpkuvtcvkxc"
{" Þpcpekgtc" fg" nc" iguvk„p" codkgpvcn." nc" ewcn" ug"
gpewgpvtc" gzrtgucfc" gp" " gn" ctvewnq" 335" fg" nc"
Eqpuvkvwek„p"Rqnvkec"fg"Eqnqodkc."cfxktvkgpfq"swg""
ncu"eqtrqtcekqpgu"pq"jcegp"rctvg"fg"nc"guvtwevwtc"
vtcfkekqpcn" fg" ncu" tcocu" fgn" rqfgt" r¿dnkeq." ncu"
ECT"hwgtqp"guvcdngekfcu"eqoq"cfokpkuvtcekqpgu"
ινδεπενδιεντεσ δε λασ αυτοριδαδεσ χεντραλεσ
eqoq"rctvg"fg"nc"guvtcvgikc"rctc"fguegpvtcnk¦ct"gn"
glgtekekq"fgn" rqfgt" r¿dnkeq"gp" cuwpvqu"ugpukdngu"
rctc"nc"eqowpkfcf0
Uk"dkgp"guvg"rtqeguq"rqftc"gpvgpfgtug"eqoq"wpc"
hqtoc"fg"oglqtct"gn"eqpvtqn" uqdtg" gn" rcvtkoqpkq"
codkgpvcn."ug"eqpxkgtvg"gp""wp"ctoc"fg"fqdng"Þnq"
rwgu"nkokv„"uw"cwvqpqoc"cn"guvcdngegt"swg"fgdgp"
ewornkt"nc"hwpek„p"gp"uw"lwtkufkeek„p=""cpvg"nq"ewcn"
xcnftc"nc"rgpc"rtgiwpvctug"gp"ecuqu"eqoq"gn"fgn"
tq"Ocifcngpc."c"swkgp"eqttgurqpfg"nc"cwvqtkfcf.""
½tgeqttg"uqnq"wp"fgrctvcogpvqA"Wp"gngogpvq"swg"
jc"igpgtcfq" fgueqpÞcp¦c" gp" nc"iqdgtpcdknkfcf"
fg" ncu" ECT." uqp" nqu" etkvgtkqu" wvknk¦cfqu" rctc" nc"
fgÞpkek„p"{"nc"lwtkufkeek„p"fg"guvcu0"Ug"cfweg"swg"
rtkoctqp"nqu"kpvgtgugu"rqnvkequ"uqdtg"nqu"etkvgtkqu"
codkgpvcngu" fglcpfq" eqoq" eqpugewgpekcu"
itcxgu" rctc" gn" gswknkdtkq" vfiepkeq" {" Þpcpekgtq0"
Gu" kppgicdng" nc" wtigpekc" fg" wp" ecodkq" gp" ncu"
eqtrqtcekqpgu" swg" ng" rgtokvc" gn" " glgtekekq" fg"
ictcpvk¦ct"nc"uquvgpkdknkfcf"codkgpvcn0
Ncu" npgcu" guvtcvfiikecu" swg" ug" fgtkxcp" fg" nqu"
rncpgu" fg" fgucttqnnq" eqpuvkvw{gp" jgttcokgpvcu"
swg"hceknkvcp"dkgp" nc" rtqvgeek„p" q" fgutgiwncek„p"
uqdtg"gn"rcvtkoqpkq" codkgpvcn0"Gp"gn"cevwcn"rncp"
fg"fgucttqnnq"ug"gxkfgpekc"wp"tkguiq"swg"Eqnqodkc"
gphtgpvc"fgufg"gn"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"codkgpvcn."uqekcn"
{" geqp„okeq=" nc" okpgtc0" Guvc" gu" wpc" cevkxkfcf"
gzvtcevkxc"{" rtkoctkc" rqt"gzegngpekc." c" rctvkt"fgn"
c‚q"4222"ug"jc"gxkfgpekcfq"wp"etgekgpvg"fgucttqnnq"
okpgtq" gp" Eqnqodkc." eqpxktvkfipfqug" guvg" ugevqt"
gp" gn" oƒu" fkpƒokeq" fgn" rcu." eqp" nc" tghqtoc" cn"
E„fkiq" okpgtq" gp" gn" c‚q" 422;" *rtgukfgpekc" fg"
énxctq"Wtkdg"Xfing¦+."ug"jc"hceknkvcfq"nc"qdvgpek„p"
{" gn" tgikuvtq" fg" ncu" eqpegukqpgu" fg" gzrnqtcek„p."
uw" fwtcek„p" ug" jc" gzvgpfkfq" fg" 7" c" 33" c‚qu."
{" nqu" korwguvqu" rqt" guvcu" eqpegukqpgu." pq"
eqorgpucp" nqu" fc‚qu0" Cfgoƒu." guvc" cevkxkfcf"
eqp"vcngu" rctvkewnctkfcfgu."jc" cvtcfq" c"itcpfgu"
ownvkpcekqpcngu"okpgtcu0
Guvg" cwig" okpgtq" jc" vtcfq" eqpukiq" curgevqu"
rqukvkxqu" rctc" gn" rcu" gp" nq" geqp„okeq" {" gp" nc"
rqukdknkfcf"fg" ceeguq"fg" nc"kpxgtuk„p"gzvtcplgtc0"
Ukp"godctiq."guvg"fgucttqnnq""vtcg"eqpukiq."wp"cnvq"
korcevq"gp"uw"gpvqtpq."swg"eqorctcfq"eqp"qvtcu"
kpfwuvtkcu." ug" jceg" oƒu" xkukdng" {" fgxcuvcfqt0"
Cniwpqu" ghgevqu" fg" guvcu" rtƒevkecu" uqp" gn"
tgcugpvcokgpvq" ecwucfq" rqt" nc" okpgtc" c" ekgnq"
cdkgtvq."nc"eqpvcokpcek„p"fg"ncu"hwgpvgu"jftkecu"
rqt"ogvcngu" rgucfqu." fgn"cktg" {" gn"codkgpvg" rqt"
nc" gokuk„p" fg" uwuvcpekcu" vqzkecu." fkurgtuk„p"
fg" rctvewncu." icugu" {" xcrqtgu0" Cu." Nc" dkqvc"
{" nqu" gequkuvgocu" gp" nqu" ewcngu" ug" fgucttqnnc"
cevkxkfcfgu" fg" gzrnqtcek„p" {" vtcpurqtvg" okpgtq"
ug" xgp" chgevcfqu0" Vcodkfip" igpgtc" rtqeguqu"
fg" ugfkogpvcek„p" swg" qtkikpcp" ecodkq" gp" gn"
tfiikogp" fg" nqu" tqu" {" ecodkq" gp" nc" hqtoc" fgn"
uwgnq0"Kpenwuq"guvg"tgpin„p"geqp„okeq"igpgtc"wp"
korcevq" pgicvkxq" uqdtg" gn" ogtecfq" ncdqtcn" {" nc"
ucnwf"fg"nqu"vtcdclcfqtgu0
Cukokuoq."ciwfk¦c"gn"rtqdngoc"fg" nc" fgocpfc"
fg"vkgttc."curgevq"eqp"fktgevcu"kornkecekqpgu"gp"gn"
eqpàkevq"ctocfq"fg"Eqnqodkc."rwgu"nqu"kpvgtgugu"
fg"gzvtceek„p"fg"okpgtcngu""pq"uqnq"eqttgurqpfgp"
c"ncu"ownvkpcekqpcngu.""ukpq"vcodkfip"c"nqu"cevqtgu"
fgn" eqpàkevq" ctocpfq." swkgpgu" jcp" xkuvq" " gp" nc"
okpgtc"wpc"hqtoc"fg"cwogpvct"uwu"kpitguqu0
Rqt" vqfqu" guvqu" hcevqtgu." ncu" eqowpkfcfgu" ug"
jcp" xkuvq" gzrwguvcu" {" xwnpgtcfqu" uwu" fgtgejqu"
hwpfcogpvcngu."rqt"gn"uqnq"jgejq"fg"xkxkt"gp"ukvkqu"
fg"gzrnqvcek„p"okpgtc0"Nqu"pfkegu"fg"xkqncekqpgu"
fg" fgtgejqu" jwocpqu" gp" ¦qpcu" okpgtcu" uqp"
cnctocpvgu."nc"ciwfk¦cek„p"fg"nc"xkqngpekc"eqpvtc"
nc" rqdncek„p" ekxkn" gp" guvcu" ¦qpcu." jc" igpgtcfq"
fgurnc¦cokgpvqu"hqt¦cfqu"{"fguguvcdknk¦cek„p"fg"
nc" xkfc" eqowpkvctkc0" Fkhgtgpvgu" qticpk¦cekqpgu"
uqekcngu" jcp" fgpwpekcfq" swg" cniwpcu"
189
ownvkpcekqpcngu" jcp" Þpcpekcfq" c" itwrqu"
rctcoknkvctgu" rctc" rtqvgigtug" q" rctc" fgurnc¦ct"
eqowpkfcfgu" fg" nqu" vgttkvqtkqu" swg" swkgtgp"
εξπλοταρ30
Ncu" pqtocu" {" ncu" ng{gu" qhtgegp" ncu" ictcpvcu"
pgeguctkcu" rctc" nc" gzrnqtcek„p." gzrnqvcek„p" {"
vtcpurqtvg"fg"nqu"okpgtcngu"g"jkftqectdwtqu0"Cpvg"
guvg" jgejq." gn" rcpqtcoc" pq" gu" ow{" cngpvcfqt."
nc" pqtocvkxc" okpgtc" gp" wp" rcu" rnwtkewnvwtcn"
{" ogic" fkxgtuq" eqoq" Eqnqodkc" fgdgtc" ugt"
oƒu" eqjgtgpvg0" Nc" pqtocvkxc" gp" nq" codkgpvcn"
guvƒ" gncdqtcfc" {" oqfkÞecfc" rctc" hcxqtgegt" c"
itcpfgu" ownvkpcekqpcngu." fglcpfq" fg" ncfq" nqu"
okpgtqu" ctvgucpcngu" ngicngu." nqu" ewcngu" ug" jcp"
xkuvq"rgtlwfkecfqu"eqpukfgtcdngogpvg"gp"nc"rctvg"
geqp„okec"{"uqekcn0"
Gp"gn" c‚q"4232"gpvt„" gp"xkigpekc" nc"Ng{" 35:4."nc"
ewcn"tghqto„"gn"E„fkiq"fg"Okpcu"*Ng{":87"fg"4223+"
gp"fkuvkpvqu"curgevqu0" Nqu"rtqr„ukvqu" fg"guvc"ng{"
gtcp"nc" oqfgtpk¦cek„p"fg" nc"kpfwuvtkc"okpgtc." nc"
rtqoqek„p"fg" nc"kpxgtuk„p" {"nc" ciknk¦cek„p"fg" nqu"
vtƒokvgu" fg" qdvgpek„p" fg" vvwnqu" okpgtqu0" Rgtq"
nc" pqtoc" pq" hwg" eqpuwnvcfc" " {" rqt" nq" vcpvq" hwg"
fgocpfcfc" cpvg" nc" Eqtvg" Eqpuvkvwekqpcn." rwgu"
nc" eqpuwnvc" rtgxkc" gu" wp" fgtgejq" hwpfcogpvcn"
fg"itwrqu" fivpkequ"swg" xgp"gp"guvc" pqtocvkxkfcf"
gzrwguvqu"uwu"kpvgtgugu"{"vgttkvqtkqu0"
Guvc" pqtocvkxkfcf" " jc" ugtxkfq" rctc" rgtokvkt" nc"
gzrgfkek„p" fg" pwogtququ" vvwnqu" okpgtqu" gp"
¦qpcu"fg"gurgekcn"korqtvcpekc"geqn„ikec"{"ewnvwtcn"
*itwrqu" fivpkequ." kpfigpcu+0" Nc" gzrgfkek„p"
fg" vvwnq" ug" fkurct„" gzrqpgpekcnogpvg." nq" ewcn"
kpenw{q" nc" eqpeguk„p" fg" rctcoqu." jwogfcngu."
rctswgu"pcvwtcngu."ocpinctgu."gpvtg"qvtcu"¦qpcu."
nq"ewcn"gu"cdkgtvcogpvg"eqpvtctkq"c"ncu"pqtocu"fg"
rtqvgeek„p"fg" guvqu"gequkuvgocu0" Htgpvg"c" vqfqu"
guvqu"hcevqtgu."ug"fgdg"rgpuct"gp"wpc"gzrnqvcek„p"
fg"nqu" tgewtuqu" fg" okpgtqu"g" jkftqectdwtqu" swg"
dgpgÞekgp"c"vqfqu.""{"fqpfg"gn"korcevq"uqekcn"{"cn"
ogfkq"codkgpvg"ug"rwgfc"okpkok¦ct."fg"vcn"hqtoc"
swg" nc" gzrnqvcek„p" vtckic" eqpukiq" fgucttqnnq." pq"
uqnq"geqp„okeq."ukpq."uqekcn."ewnvwtcn0
30"Qejgpvc"gortgucu"Þpcpekcdcp" c"rctcoknkvctgu"fgn"Dnqswg"
Pqtvgoknkvcpvg."cnkcu"Ófqp"CpvqpkqÔ"gp"gn"
rgtk„fkeq"Gn"Gurgevcfqt"fgn"5"fg"Hgdtgtq"fg"42320
Qvtq"itcp"rtqdngoc"gu"nc"okpgtc"kngicn"swg"jc"
vqocfq" hwgt¦c" eqoq" cevkxkfcf" nwetcvkxc" rctc"
itwrqu"ctocfqu"{"nc" fgnkpewgpekc"qticpk¦cfc."
gp" gurgekcn" eqoq" eqpugewgpekc" fg" nc" iwgttc"
eqpvtc"ncu"ftqicu0" Rqt"ffiecfcu"jc" eqpuvkvwkfq"
wpc"fg"uwu"rtkpekrcngu"hwgpvgu"fg"Þpcpekcek„p0"
Cevwcnogpvg"nc"iwgttknnc."nqu"itwrqu" jgtgfgtqu"
fg" ncu" guvtwevwtcu" rctcoknkvctgu" {" dcpfcu"
etkokpcngu"*dcetko+"gpewgpvtcp" ecfc"xg¦"oƒu"
tgpvcdng"gn"eqpvtqn"fg"nc"gzrnqvcek„p"okpgtc"{"gn"
eqogtekq"fg"uw" rtqfweek„p."pq"uqnq" rqt"ogfkq"
fg"ctocu"ukpq"swg"jcp"gorg¦cfq"c"cfswktkt"uw"
rtqrkc""ocswkpctkc"fg"gzecxcek„p0
Ιµπλιχαχιονεσ δελ πατρ⌠ν δε δεσαρρολλο
εξτραχτιϖο εν Χολοµβια:
C" eqpvkpwcek„p" ug" rtgugpvcp" cniwpcu"
chgevcekqpgu" swg" uqdtg" ncu" fkhgtgpvgu"
fkogpukqpgu" fg" nc" uquvgpkdknkfcf" ug" jcegp"
gxkfgpvgu" gp" Eqnqodkc" tgurgevq" fgn" oqfgnq"
εξτραχτιϖο:
− Εν ελ µεδιο αµβιεντε: Nqu" ghgevqu" uqdtg" gn"
ogfkq"codkgpvg" cpvg"gn" fgucttqnnq" fg"nc" okpgtc"
kngicn" uqp" kpogpuqu." cfgoƒu" fg" kttgxgtukdngu"
g" kttgrctcdngu0" Nc" cwugpekc" fg" eqpvtqn" rtqxqec"
nc" fguvtweek„p" ocukxc" fg" nqu" gequkuvgocu." cu"
eqoq"nc" chgevcek„p" fg"nc" ucnwf"fg" eqowpkfcfgu"
ektewpfcpvgu"cn"egpvtq"fg"gzrnqvcek„p"fgdkfq"c"nc"
eqpvcokpcek„p"fg" ciwcu"{"gn" fgvgtkqtq"fg" vkgttcu"
hfitvkngu0"
Nc" cwugpekc" fg" nc" tgiwncek„p" fg" nc" okpgtc"
tgrtgugpvc" wp" ogpquecdq" fg" nc" uquvgpkdknkfcf"
{" nc" kpvgitkfcf" codkgpvcn0" Nc" gzrnqvcek„p"
δεσχοντρολαδα δε λοσ ρεχυρσοσ νατυραλεσ
tgrtgugpvc" wp" fgugswknkdtkq" gp" gn" rtqitguq" fg"
ewcnswkgt" rcu" gp" ocvgtkc" fg" dkqfkxgtukfcf."
hwgpvgu" jftkecu." gswknkdtkq" fg" nqu" gequkuvgocu."
ugiwtkfcf" cnkogpvctkc" {" gp" igpgtcn." fg" nc"
uquvgpkdknkfcf"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"vkgorq0
− Εν λο σοχιοεχον⌠µιχο:"Gn" rtgectkq"etgekokgpvq"
geqp„okeq" rqt" tc¦„p" fgn" fgvtkogpvq" codkgpvcn."
qecukqpcfq" rqt" nc" okpgtc" kngicn." vgtokpc"
tgrgtewvkgpfq" gp" wp" rtqdngoc" fg" pfqng" uqekcn="
rqecu" rtqdcdknkfcfgu" fg" rtqitguq" {" gorngq."
cfgoƒu"fg" rtgugpvct" ukvwcekqpgu" fg"uwdgorngq"
190
dclq" eqpfkekqpgu" fguhcxqtcdngu" q" fg" vtcdclq"
kphcpvkn0" Gp" guvg" eqpvgzvq" nc" ukvwcek„p" vgtokpc"
cnkogpvcpfq" ncu" vtcorcu" fg" nc" rqdtg¦c" {"
rtqhwpfk¦cpfq"nc"kpgswkfcf0"
− ∆ερεχηοσ ηυµανοσ ψ σαλυδ πβλιχα:"Nqu"itwrqu"
ctocfqu"kngicngu" {" ncu" dcpfcu"etkokpcngu" etgcp"
wp" codkgpvg" fg" jquvknkfcf" {" tgrtguk„p." swg"
fgtkxcp" gp" dtqvgu" fg" xkqngpekc." fgurnc¦cokgpvq"
hqt¦cfq"{"vqfq" vkrq"fg"xkqncekqpgu"c" nqu"fgtgejqu"
jwocpqu" rqt" cevqtgu" pq" guvcvcngu0" Cfgoƒu." nc"
eqpvcokpcek„p"rqt"gn"wuq"fg"ocswkpctkc."ogtewtkq"
{"qvtcu"uwuvcpekcu."cu"eqoq"nc"hcnvc"fg"eqpvtqngu."
vcodkfip"kornkec"wp"rgnkitq"ncvgpvg"eqpvtc"nc"ucnwf"
r¿dnkec0"
Fg" nq" cpvgtkqt" ug" fgurtgpfg" nc" fgitcfcek„p"
codkgpvcn"gxkfgpvg"swg"ug"cegpv¿c""c"pkxgn"hqtguvcn."
gp" vcpvq" rcvtkoqpkq" codkgpvcn." uw" eqpugtxcek„p"
rqukdknkvc"nc" eqgzkuvgpekc"fg" qvtcu"gurgekgu"{" rqt"
vcpvq"uw" fgucrctkek„p" q"ciqvcokgpvq" eqpfkekqpc"
ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"hwvwtq0"Guvq"nq"eqpÞtoc"gn"Nkdtq"
tqlq" fg" rncpvcu" fg" Eqnqodkc." swg" tgikuvtc" 455"
gurgekgu"eqp"cni¿p"itcfq"fg"cogpc¦c"{"gpvtg"ncu"
gurgekgu"fg" ƒtdqngu" ocfgtcdngu" pcekqpcngu"eqp"
oc{qt"itcfq"fg"cogpc¦c"ug"gpewgpvtc"gn"cdcteq."
gn" iwc{ceƒp" {" gn" egftq." tqdng." ecqdc." eqokpq."
ejcswktq."Pqicn."ectceqn."ecttgvgtq"{"rkpq"dncpeq0
Gp"ewcpvq"cn"tgewtuq"jftkeq."Eqnqodkc"gu"gn"ugzvq"
rcu"eqp"oc{qt"qhgtvc"jftkec"gp" gn"owpfq"{"guvc"
itcp"qhgtvc"jftkec"gu"itcekcu"c"ncu"vtgu"eqtfknngtcu."
fqu"qeficpqu."rƒtcoqu." dquswgu"vtqrkecngu"{"wpc"
wdkecek„p"guvtcvfiikec0"Rgtq"rgug"c"guvq"ug"ecnewnc"
swg" gn" 72'" fg" nqu" tgewtuqu" jftkequ" gp" gn" rcu"
vkgpgp"rtqdngocu"fg"ecnkfcf0
Ugi¿p"gn"Guvwfkq" Pcekqpcn"fgn"Ciwc" *4232+."swg"
tgcnk¦c"ecfc"ewcvtq"c‚qu"gn"Kpuvkvwvq"fg"Jkftqnqic."
Ogvgqtqnqic" {" Guvwfkqu" Codkgpvcngu" *Kfgco+."
nc" oc{qt" rctvg" fgn" ukuvgoc" jftkeq" cpfkpq"
eqnqodkcpq" ug" jc" cnvgtcfq" fgdkfq" cn" vtcpurqtvg"
fg" ugfkogpvqu" {" uwuvcpekcu" v„zkecu." eqp" wpc"
kpekfgpekc"octecfc"fg"nqu"eqttgfqtgu"kpfwuvtkcngu"
υβιχαδοσ εν λασ χυενχασ δε λοσ χορρεδορεσ
DqiqvƒÏUqcejc." OgfgnnpÏKvci¯." EcnkÏ[wodq."
UqicoquqÏFwkvcocÏPqduc." DcttcpswknncÏ
Uqngfcf" {" EctvcigpcÏOcoqpcn." nq" swg" chgevc"
itcxgogpvg" nc" ecnkfcf" fgn" nswkfq" gp" nqu" tqu"
Ocifcngpc." Ogfgnnp." Dqiqvƒ" {" Ecwec0" Guvq"
owguvtc" nc" kpekfgpekc" swg" vkgpg" gn" kpcfgewcfq"
ocpglq"fgn"tgewtuq" jftkeq"fg" ocpgtc"gzvgpfkfc"
gp" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu" geqp„okecu." rgtq" c¿p" oƒu"
korqtvcpvg"nc"pgegukfcf"fg"ceekqpgu"fg"eqpvtqn"{"
ugiwkokgpvq"uqdtg"ncu"okuocu"rctc" ictcpvk¦ct"nc"
ecnkfcf."ecpvkfcf"{" uquvgpkdknkfcf"fgn"tgewtuq" gp"
gn"vkgorq0
Χονχλυσιονεσ
Gu" fgucngpvcfqt" ucdgt" swg" ncu" eqowpkfcfgu"
kpfigpcu."ewkfcfqtcu"rqt" gzegngpekc"fg" pwguvtc"
rcejc" ococ." ug" ngu" jcp" swkvcfq" fgtgejqu"
vgttkvqtkcngu."nqu"ewcngu" vkgpgp"fg"uw{q." cn"jcdkvct"
gn" vgttkvqtkq" cpvgu" swg" pwguvtqu" eqpswkuvcfqtgu0"
Cfgoƒu."jcp"uwhtkfq"rtqeguqu"fg"ecodkq"ewnvwtcn."
cfqrvcfq" gn" oqfq" fg" xkxkt" fg" nqu" ecorgukpqu"
{."uwu" tgncekqpgu" eqp" nc" vkgttc" {" gn" vgttkvqtkq" jcp"
ecodkcfq0
Nc" vgpfgpekc" jcekc" nc" eqpegpvtcek„p" fg" nc"
rtqrkgfcf" vgttkvqtkcn." crq{cfc" gp" nc" xkqngpekc"
guvcvcn" {" vgttcvgpkgpvg." jc" cornkcfq" uwu"
nokvgu" cn" eqpvtqn" fg" nqu" vgttkvqtkqu" guvtcvfiikequ"
rtgvgpfkgpfq"cu"eqpvtqn"fg"nc"vkgttc."fg"ncu"ciwcu"
{"qvtqu" tgewtuqu." eqoq"nqu" okpgtqu" {"ƒtgcu" rctc"
hwvwtqu" fgucttqnnqu" xkcngu" {" gpgtifivkequ" eqoq"
ogicrtq{gevqu0
Nc"gzrcpuk„p"fgn"eqpàkevq"ug"jc"rtqhwpfk¦cfq"gp"
vqtpq"cn"eqpvtqn"fg"vgttkvqtkqu"guvtcvfiikequ"rqt"rctvg"
fg" itwrqu" rctcoknkvctgu." {" guvq" jc" igpgtcfq" gn"
fgurnc¦cokgpvq"fg"eqowpkfcfgu" gpvgtcu0"C"guvq"
ug"ng"uwoc"nc"rtƒevkec"fg"nkswkfct"qticpk¦cekqpgu"
ecorgukpcu" {" qrqukvqtgu" rqnvkequ." wvknk¦cpfq"
guvq" eqoq" ogecpkuoq" fg" jgigoqpk¦cek„p"
rqnvkec" {" eqpvtqn" guvcvcn0" Nc" ciwfk¦cek„p" fg" ncu"
eqphtqpvcekqpgu"dfinkecu"gp"Eqnqodkc"jc"igpgtcfq"
wpc"hwgtvg" tgceek„p"fg" nqu" oqxkokgpvqu"uqekcngu"
swg" gzkigp" nc" uqnwek„p" pgiqekcfc" cn" eqpàkevq"
rctc" nngict" c" wpc" rc¦" eqp" lwuvkekc" uqekcn0" Nc" pq"
vgpgpekc"fg"nc"vkgttc"vtcg"rtqdngocu"fg" xkqngpekc."
fgucttckiq." fkuetkokpcek„p." okitcekqpgu."
etogpgu"{"nc" owgtvg"fg"nc" ewnvwtc."fg"nc" ngpiwc."
ogfkekpc."cnkogpvcek„p"{"vtcfkekqpgu"hcoknkctgu0
Gu"pqvcdng"swg"vcpvq"ncu"gpvkfcfgu"tgurqpucdngu"
rqt" nc" xkikncpekc" {" eqpvtqn" codkgpvcn." eqoq" nqu"
191
glgtekekqu" ekwfcfcpqu" fg" xggfwtc." pq" guvfip"
ewornkgpfq" eqp" uw" ncdqt" fg" glgtegt" xkikncpekc"
uqdtg" gn" rtqeguq" fg" nc" iguvk„p" r¿dnkec0" Ncu"
xggfwtcu" ug" jcp" eqpxgtvkfq" gp" wp" ogecpkuoq"
rctc"cxcnct"ncu"fgekukqpgu"guvcvcngu"{"uwu"crqtvgu"
pq" jcp" ugtxkfq" rctc" oqfkÞect" ncu" tguqnwekqpgu"
qÞekcngu0
Hcnvc" crq{q" guvcvcn" {" gn" ectƒevgt" pq" xkpewncpvg"
fg" uwu" eqpenwukqpgu" jcp" ukfq" cniwpcu" fg" ncu"
fkÞewnvcfgu" swg" gphtgpvcp" nqu" xggfqtgu." wpq"
fg" ncu" fkÞewnvcfgu" swg" vkgpgp" swg" gphtgpvct" nqu"
xggfqtgu" rctc" ewornkt" uw" ncdqt" gu" swg" pq" guvƒ"
tgincogpvcfc"nc"Ng{":72"fg"4225."guvq"ug"fgdg"c"
swg"pq" jc{" xqnwpvcf"rqnvkec" rwgu"ncu"xggfwtcu"
ug"eqpxkgtvgp"gp"nc"rkgftc"fg"uwu"¦crcvqu0
Tghgtgpekcu"dkdnkqitƒÞecu
Ctkcu." H0" *4228+0" Fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng" {" uwu"
kpfkecfqtgu0" Uqekgfcf" {" Geqpqoc."
422/44;0
Cuqekcek„p"Pcekqpcn" fg"Gortgucu" fg"Eqnqodkc0"
*4232+0" " Kphqtog" pcekqpcn" uqdtg" nc"
iguvk„p" fgn" ciwc" gp" Eqnqodkc." tgewtuqu"
jftkequ." ciwc" rqvcdng" {" ucpgcokgpvq"
Gp−
vcutu g1 fqy pn qcfhk ng 0cu rz AKf 00 0: ;c4 00 0
⊃h k n g < 1 1 1 E < 1 W u g t u 1 n k p c 1 F g u m v q r 1
kpheqna42323236a343238'42*4+0rfh
Gjtnkej." R0" *3;:;+0" Vjg" nkokvu" vq" uwduvkvwvkqp
Ogvc/tguqwteg" fgrngvkqpcpfq" c" pgy"
geqpqoke" Ï" geqnqikecn" rctcfkioc0"
Geqnqikecn"geqpqokeu"3"*3+."rr0";/380
Gn"Gurgevcfqt0"*5" fg"Hgdtgtq" fg"4232+0" Qejgpvc"
gortgucu" Þpcpekcdcp" rctcoknkvctgu" fgn"
dnqswg" pqtvg0" jvvr<11yyy0gngurgevcfqt0
eqo1p qv kek cu 1lw fk ek cn1 ct vke wn q3:78 ;; /"
qejgpvc/gortgucu/Þpcpekcdcp/rctcoknk−
vctgu/fgn/dnqswg/pqtvg
Gurgekgu" ocfgtcdngu" cogpc¦cfcu0" *4228+0"
Kpuvkvwvq" fg" kpxguvkicekqpgu" ekgpvÞecu"
UKPEJK0" Dqiqvƒ0" Gp
d n c e m d q c t f 0 e q o 1 d d e u y g d f c x 1
wugtu133527:743;1NkdtqTqlqOcfgtcdngu0
rfh
Iqfncpf." T0" *3;;9+0" Nc" vguku" fg" swg" gn" owpfq"
guvƒ" gp" uwu" nokvgu0" Ogfkq" codkgpvg"
{" fgucttqnnq" uquvgpkdng0" Oƒu" cnnƒ" fgn"
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